Organic manure and biochar with inorganic fertilizer’s effect on growth dynamics and yield performance of rice (Oryza sativa)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers, and biochar, individually and in integrated combinations, on growth, yield attributes, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of these soil amendments in enhancing rice productivity and to explore their potential contribution to sustainable nutrient management. Organic inputs, including farmyard manure and biochar, were applied to improve soil physical properties, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, while inorganic fertilizers supplying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used to meet the immediate nutrient requirements of the crop. Field experiments were carried out during a single growing season using different treatment combinations comprising organic manure alone, inorganic fertilizers alone, biochar alone and their various integrated applications. Growth and yield parameters such as plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and grain yield were recorded. The results indicated that integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers significantly enhanced growth and yield attributes of rice compared to their sole application. Notably the combined use of biochar and farmyard manure exhibited a synergistic effect by improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient retention and increasing grain yield. The findings demonstrate that integrated nutrient management involving organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biochar can substantially improve rice productivity while promoting soil health, thereby offering a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizer based farming systems.