70(1)Special Issue of IJA Organic farming in rainfed areas of India: A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v70i.6132Keywords:
Organic farming, rainfed areas, climate changeAbstract
India is bestowed with a lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro-climatic regions and traditional knowledge. Rainfed areas are reported to have relative advantage to go for organic farming primarily due to low level of external input use, shorter conversion period and smaller yield reductions compared to irrigated areas. Several studies have reported improved crop yields and economics under organic management in rainfed areas. Furthermore, farming practices such as organic agriculture that preserve soil fertility and maintain or even increase organic matter in soils are in a good position to maintain productivity in the event of drought, irregular rainfall events with floods, and rising temperatures. Soils in organic agriculture capture and store more water than soils of conventional cultivation. Therefore, organic agriculture is one of the adaptation strategies that can be targeted at improving the livelihoods of rural populations that are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and variability.
References
Awasthi, N., Upadhyay, R.G., Singh, A., Kumar, R. and Sharma, G.D. 2020. Effect of different organic inputs on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max. L) under mountainous conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Environment Conservation Journal 21(3): 195-199.
Chandrasekaran, H., Perumal, V., Karunakaran, V., Sivagamy, K., Ravichandran, V., Perumal, K., Selvaraj, T., Rengasamy, B. and Subrahmaniyan, K. 2024. Effect of organic inputs on the productivity of confectionery sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2404706.
Chongre, S., Mondal, R., Biswas, S., Munshi, A., Mondal, R. and Pramanick, M. 2020. Effect of liquid manure on growth and yield of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 38(6): 1-7.
CRIDA, 2008. Annual Report, 2007-08. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. p. 119.
Eyhorn, F., Mader, P. and Ramakrishnan, M. 2009. The impact of organic cotton farming on the livelihoods of smallholders: Evidence from the Maikaal bioRe project in central India. Organic Farming Newsletter 5(1): 19-21.
GOI, 2001. The report of the working group on organic and biodynamic farming, Planning Commission, Government of India. pp.1-25.
Gopinath, K.A., Balloli, S.S., Venkateswarlu, S. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2009a. Performance of sesame under organic and conventional production systems. Indian Journal of Oilseeds Research 26: 376-378.
Gopinath, K.A., Rajanna, G.A., Venkatesh, G., Jayalakshmi, M., Kumari, V.V., Prabhakar, M., Rajkumar, B., Chary, G.R., Singh, V.K. 2022. Influence of crops and different production systems on soil carbon fractions and carbon sequestration in rainfed areas of semiarid tropics in India. Sustainability doi.org/10.3390/su14074207.
Gopinath, K.A., Saha, S. and Mina, B.L. 2011. Effects of organic amendments on productivity and profitability of bell pepper-french bean-garden pea system and on soil properties during transition to organic production. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(21): 2572-2585.
Gopinath, K.A., Saha, S., Mina, B.L., Pande, H., Kundu, S. Gupta, H.S. 2008. Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem 82: 51-60.
Gopinath, K.A., Saha, S., Mina, B.L., Pande, H., Srivastva, A.K., Gupta, H.S. 2009b. Bell pepper yield and soil properties during conversion from conventional to organic production in Indian Himalayas. Scientia Horticulturae 122: 339-345.
Gopinath, K.A., Venkatesh, G., Manjunath, M., Jayalakshmi, M., Prasad, T.V., Rajkumar, B., Visha Kumari, V., Raju, B.M.K., Prabhakar, M., Chary, G.R. and Singh, V.K. 2023. Influence of organic and integrated production systems on yield and quality of rainfed crops and on soil properties. Frontiers in Nutrition doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127970.
Kharat, B.M., Shinde, S.J. and Jadhav, S. D. 2021. Effect of different organic sources on yield and yield attributing character of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 10(1): 827-832.
Liebig, M.A. and Doran, J.W. 1999. Impact of organic production practices on soil quality indicators. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28(5):1601-1609.
MacRae, R.J., Hill, S.B., Mehuys, G.R., Henning, J. 1993. Farm-scale agronomic and economic conversion from conventional to sustainable agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 43: 155-198.
Mahanta, D., Gopinath, K.A., Stanley, J., Mishra, K.K., Bisht, J.K. and Kant, L. 2021. Organic Farming in Himalayas. ICAR-VPKAS, Almora, Uttarakhand. 172p. ISBN 978-93-5457-869-4.
Malligawad, L.H. and Parameshwarappa, K.G. 2006. Effect of organics on the productivity of Spanish bunch groundnut under rainfed farming situations. 18th World Congress of Soil Science, July 9-15, 2006, Pennsylvania, USA.
Petersen, S.O., Regina, K., Pollinger, A., Rigler, E., Valli, L., Yamulki, S., Esala, M., Fabbri, C., Syviisalo, E. and Vinther, F.P. 2005. Nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional crop rotations in five European countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 112: 200-206.
Prabhakar, M., Gopinath, K.A., Sai Sravan, U., Srasvan Kumar, G., Thirupathi, M., Samba Siva, G., Meghalakshmi, G., Ravi Kumar, N. and Singh, V.K., 2023. Potential for yield and soil fertility improvement with integration of organics in nutrient management for finger millet under rainfed Alfisols of Southern India. Frontiers in Nutrition, doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1095449.
Ram, R.A. and Pathak, R.K. 2019. Bio-enhancers for soil, plant health and insect pest management in organic production of horticultural crops. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 14(2): 28-33.
Ramesh, P., Mohan Singh and Subba Rao, A. 2005. Organic farming: Its relevance to the Indian context. Current Science 88(4): 561-568.
Ramesh, P., Panwar, N.R., Ramana, S. and Singh, A.B. 2006. Organic soybean production. Extension Bulletin No. 1/2006, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, p. 21.
Reddy, S.M., Mehera, B., Kumar, P., Krishna, P.V. and Raju, G.V. 2022. Study on the efficacy of organic manures on varieties of greengram (Vigna radiata L.). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 34(16): 43-47.
Rupela, O.P., Gowda, C.L.L., Wani, S.P., and Ranga Rao, G.V. 2005. Lessons from nonchemical input treatments based on scientific and traditional knowledge in a long-term experiment. In: The Agricultural Heritage of Asia: Proceedings of the International Conference (Y L Nene ed.), December 6-8, 2004, Asian Agri-History Foundation, Secunderabad-500 009, AP. pp. 184-196.
Saha, S., Appireddy, G.K., Kundu, S., Gupta, H.S. 2007. Comparative efficiency of three organic manures at varying rates of its application to baby corn. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 53: 507-517.
Scialabba, N.E. and Muller-Lindenlauf, M. 2010. Organic agriculture and climate change. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 25(2): 158-169.
Sharma, T., Singh, J., Singh, A., Sharma, R. and Chauhan, G. 2023. Effect of organic nutrient sources on the yield, nutrient uptake and nodulation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under mid-hill conditions of Western Himalayas. Environment Conservation Journal 24(2): 250-256.
Suja, G. 2008. Organic production of tropical tuber crops. In: Organic farming in rainfed agriculture: Opportunuties and constraints. (Venkateswarlu, B., Balloli, S.S. and Ramakrishna, Y.S. Eds.), Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad. pp. 135-143.
Ullasa, M.Y., Pradeep, S., Sridhar, S., Sunil, C. and Divya, M. 2020. Long term effect of different organic nutrient management practices on growth, yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) and soil properties. Journal of Farm Sciences 33(03): 342-347.
Vanathi, D. and Balaganesh, B. 2024. Influence of organic nutrient management on growth and physiological parameters of redgram (Cajanus cajan L.). Journal Experimental Agriculture International 46(6): 98-106.
Venkateswarlu, B. 2008. Organic Farming in Rainfed Agriculture: Prospects and Limitations. In: Organic Farming in Rainfed Agriculture: Opportunities and Constraints. (B. Ventateswarlu, S.S. Balloli and Y.S. Ramakrishna, eds.). Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad. pp. 7-11.
Wells, A.T., Chan, K.Y. and Cornish, P.S. 2000. Comparison of conventional and alternative vegetable farming systems on the properties of a yellow earth in New South Wales. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 80(1-2):47-60
Yadav, R. and Malik, N. 2010. Productivity of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) in relation to organic nutrition under rainfed conditions of Western Himalaya region. Indian Journal of Agronomy 55(2): 105-109.
Yadav, S., Meena, B.R., Meena, S.K., Singh, N., and Yadav, R. 2023. Effect of liquid organic formulations on productivity and profitability of mung-bean crop under Semi-Arid environment of Rajasthan. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science 35(22): 880-892.
