Evaluating Crop Establishment Methods and Nitrogen-Irrigation Strategies for Improving Rice Productivity and Soil Nutrient Status
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v70i3.6098Keywords:
Direct-seeded rice (DSR), Irrigation management, Nitrogen management, Rice productivity, Water use efficiencyAbstract
The pursuit of enhanced rice productivity in India necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between crop establishment methods, irrigation schedules, and nitrogen management practices. This study investigates the effects of these factors on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.), employing a split-plot experiment design in a controlled field environment. The experiment examined two crop establishment methods: direct-seeded rice (DSR) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR). Additionally, three irrigation schedules were tested: I1 (continuously submerged, CS, of 5 ± 2 cm depth), I2 (intermittent submergence of 5 ± 2 cm with irrigation after five days of water disappearance from the soil surface), and I3 (intermittent submergence of 5 ± 2 cm with irrigation after ten days of water disappearance from the soil surface). Furthermore, four nitrogen management strategies were employed: N1 (recommended dose of nitrogen, RDN), N2 (LCC threshold ≤ 4), N3 (SPAD 30), and N4 (Rice-Wheat Crop Manager recommendation, RWCM). The study found significant variations in rice growth parameters, yield components, and water efficiency across the different treatments. Among the crop establishment methods, DSR demonstrated superior performance in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), seed yield, and straw yield compared to PTR. Irrigation management also played a crucial role in determining rice performance. Treatment I2 exhibited superiority in terms of all growth and yield parameters, as well as soil nutrient status and water use efficiency. This intermittent submergence strategy, with irrigation after five days of water disappearance, balanced water savings and crop productivity effectively. Nitrogen management through RWCM was found to be the most efficient, significantly influencing the aforementioned parameters and recording higher values compared to the other nitrogen management treatments. RWCM's tailored recommendations ensured optimal nitrogen availability, enhancing plant growth and yield outcomes.
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