On-farm evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems for increasing system productivity, profitability, resource-use efficiency and energy productivity in mid-central table land zone of Odisha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v63i3.5646Keywords:
Diversification, Economics, Energy-use efficiency, Production efficiency, Rice-based cropping systems, System productivityAbstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2011–12 and 2012–13 at farmers’ field of Angul district under midcentral table land zone of Odisha, to assess productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency of 5 different rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems, viz. rice–groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), rice–greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek], rice–cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], rice–okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] and rice–onion (Allium cepa L.). Rice–onion and rice–okra cropping systems recorded significantly higher average rice-equivalent yields (15.47 and 14.67 t/ha respectively) than the other systems evaluated, the relative production efficiency being 104 and 94% over the existing rice–groundnut system (7.57 t/ha). The highest land-use efficiency was exhibited with rice–onion (73.7%). Rice–greengram exhibited the highest irrigation wateruse efficiency (427 kg REY/ha), whereas rice–cowpea recorded the highest apparent nutrient-use productivity (56 kg REY/kg NPK applied). Rice–okra and rice–onion had higher employment-generation efficiency (116 and 108% respectively). Rice–cowpea showed the highest energy-use efficiency (6.30) and energy-output efficiency (844 MJ/ha/day). Rice–okra registered the highest net returns of 97,740/ha followed by rice–onion system ( 96,974/ ha). These 2 systems revealed higher system profitability ( 268 and 266/ha/day) and crop profitability ( 386 and 360/ha/day). Rice–okra and rice–onion systems recorded higher benefit: cost ratio of 2.43 and 2.25 with higher relative production efficiency (94 and 104%) and relative economic efficiency (291 and 288%) compared to rice–groundnut system. Rice–okra and rice–onion cropping systems were the most productive and remunerative cropping systems and can be followed in place of existing rice–groundnut system under mid-central table land of Odisha with 8–9 irrigations to rabi/summer crops.
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