Influence of irrigation and fertility levels on seed and gum yields, water-use, economics and quality of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in Gujarat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v62i4.5557Keywords:
Clusterbean, Fertility levels, Gum yield, Irrigation, Protein content, Water-use efficiencyAbstract
A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farm of Junagadh Agricultural University, Nana Kandhasar, Surendranagar, Gujarat, on sandy loam soils to assess the impact of irrigation and fertility levels on growth, yield, water-use, economics and quality of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Sixteen treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels [0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW: CPE) and 4 fertility levels (00:00, 10:20, 20:40 and 30:60 kg N:P2 O5 /ha) were tested using split-plot design with three replications. The pooled results indicated that irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53,895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE. The maximum consumptive use of water was noticed under 1.0 IW: CPE, while the maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) (4.90 kg/ha-mm) and water-expense efficiency (WEE) (4.19 kg/ha-mm) were recorded under 0.4 IW: CPE. Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE. Application of 20:40 kg N:P2 O5 /ha being at par with 30:60 kg N:P2 O5 /ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52,967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control. Therefore, irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE and fertilizer dose of 20:40 kg N:P2O5 /ha could be applied for higher yield and monetary returns from clusterbean (gumguar) along with appreciable saving of water and fertilizer in summer season.
References
Anuradha., Singh, R.K., Pareek, B., Kumar, D., Meena, S. and Dubey, S.K. 2017. Different levels of fertilizers on growth and yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in rainfed area of Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(4): 2,029–2,036.
AOAC. 1960. Method of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Edn 9. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
Bhadoria, R.B.S., Tomar, R.A.S., Khan, H. and Sharma, M.K. 1997. Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on yield and quality of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 42(1): 131–134.
Chavan, B.L., Vedpathak, M.M. and Pirgonde, B.R. 2015. Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on clusterbean. European Journal of Experimental Biology 5(1): 34–38.
Chhipa, B.G., Chandra, A. and Gulati, I.J. 2012. Residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of vegetable clusterbean. Progressive Horticulture 44(1): 114–119.
Das, B., Arora, S.K. and Luthra, Y.P. 1977. A rapid method for determination of gum in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). (In) Proceedings of Ist ICAR Guar Research Workshop, Jodhpur pp.117–123.
DES, 2013. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Gangwar, S. and Dubey, M. 2012. Effect on N and P uptake by chickpea as influenced by micronutrients and biofertilizers. Legume Research 35(2): 164–168.
Meena, R.S. 2013. Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on growth attributes and dry matter partitioning of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in arid western Rajasthan. Environment and Ecology 31(1): 131–134.
Mishra, R.D. and Ahmad, M. 1987. Manual of Irrigation Agronomy, Oxford and IBH Publication, p. 171.
Patel, A.G. 2009. Influence of irrigation levels based on IW: CPE and time of nitrogen application on frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Haryana Journal of Agronomy 25(1/2): 13–16.
Patel, D.M., Shah, K.A. and Sadhu, A.C. 2011. Response of summer clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) to irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management under middle Gujarat conditions. International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement 2(1): 8–11.
Patel, S.J., Patel, B.M., Raval, C.H., Patel, K.I., Patel, P.B., Patel, P.M. and Vekaria. L.C. 2014. Response of vegetable clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub] to fertigation of P and K. Legume Research 37(4): 420–423.
Rathore, V.S., Singh, J.P., Soni, M.L., Yadava, N.D. and Beniwal, R.K. 2007. Productivity, quality and resource utilization by clusterbean (Cyamposis tetragonoloba) as influenced by nutrient management. Indian Journal of Agronomy 52(3): 243–246.
Sammauria, R., Yadav, R.S. and Nagar, K.C. 2009. Performance of clusterbean repeat as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and biofertilizers in western Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Agronomy 54(3): 319–324.
Shrinivasulu, D.V., Solanki, R.M., Radhai, C. and Babu, M.V.S. 2015. Nutrient uptake, yield and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by irrigation and sulphur levels in medium black soils. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11(1): 54–58.
Singh, J. and Chaudhary, D.R. 2016. Productivity and profitability of frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as influenced by nutrient management in cold desert region of north-western Himalaya. Indian Journal of Agronomy 61(1): 70–74.
