Effect of water regimes and weed-management practices on growth, yield and weed-control efficiency of rice under system of rice intensification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v62i4.5551Keywords:
Grain yield, Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, Rice, SRI, Water regimes, Weed managementAbstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Khudwani, Jammu and Kashmir, to evaluate the effect of water regimes and weed-management practices on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on silty clay loam soil. The treatments comprised 3 irrigations schedules, viz. alternate wetting and drying (AWD), saturated conditions (SC) and continuous flooding (FL), and 7 weed-management op tions including 4 herbicidal treatments, viz. pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g/ha at 3 days after transplanting (DAT, W1 ); cyhalofop butyl @ 80 g/ha at 15 DAT (W2 ); pyrazosulfuron ethyl 20 g followed by (fb) cyhalofop butyl 80 g/ha at 3 and 15 DAT (W3 ); butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha at 3 DAT (W4 ); 3 cono weeding at 15, 25 and 35 DAT (W5 ) along with weedy check (W6 ) and weed free (W7 ). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications under SRI. The data revealed that significant higher growth parameters like leaf-area index (LAI), dry-matter accumula tion and tillers/plant and yield attributes, i.e. panicle length, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, panicle weight, grains/ panicles, 1,000-grain weight, and higher grain yield were recorded in saturated water regime. On an average a yield superiority of 2.2 and 5.8% was recorded by saturated water regime over AWD and continuous flooding. Among the herbicides tested, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 20 g/ha (3 DAT) fb cyhalofop-butyl @ 80 g/ha (15 DAT) re sulted in significantly higher panicle length, panicles/m2, panicle weight, grains/panicles, 1,000-grain weight and higher grain yield comparable to the weedy check. The mean yield advantage recorded by the use of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl fb cyhalofop-butyl was 19.3, 14.0 and 10.3% over cyhalofop-butyl, cono-weeding and butachlor, respectively, during both the years of experimentation.
References
DES, 2015. Economic Survey, 2014–15. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
FAO STAT. 2015. Production Statistics, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. 567.
Fonteh, M.F., Tabi F.O., Wariba, A.M. and Zie, J. 2013. Effective water management practices in irrigated rice to ensure food security and mitigate climate change in a tropical climate. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 4(3): 284–290.
Ganai, M.A., Hussain, A. and Bhat, M.A. 2014. Bio-efficacy of different herbicides in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under temperate Kashmir valley conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 59(1): 86–90.
Juraimi, A.S., Muhammad Saiful, A.H., Kamaluddin, M., Anuar, A.R. and Azmi, M. 2011. Diversity of weed communities under different water regimes in irrigated direct seeded rice field. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(5): 595–604.
Kiran, Y.D., Subramanyam, D. and Sumathi, V. 2010. Growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by sequential application of herbicides. Indian Journal of Weed Science 42(3, 4): 226–228.
Kumar, A. 2012. Integrated weed management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown by system of rice intensification method. Ph.D. Thesis. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Rajkhowa, D.J., Bosah, N., Barka, I.C. and Deka, N.C. 2007. Effect of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl on weeds and productivity of transplanted rice during the rainy season. Indian Journal of Weed Science 38(1,2): 52–28.
Satyanarayana, A., Thiyagarajan, T.M. and Uphoff, N. 2007. Opportunities for water saving with higher yield from the system of rice intensification. Irrigation Science 25: 99–115.
Son, N.T., Badayos, R.B., Sanchez, P.B., Cruz, P.C.S., Dung, N.V. and Thanh, N.H. 2008. Water productivity and soil chemical properties under varying water regimes on Spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 33(3): 56–70.
Stoop, W.A., Uphoff, N. and Kassam, A. 2002. A review of agricultural research issues raised by the system of rice intensification (SRI) from Madagascar: opportunities for improving farming systems for resource poor farmers. Agriculture Systems 71: 249–274.
Uphoff, N. and Randriamiharisoa, R. 2002. Reducing water use in irrigated rice production with the Madagascar System of Rice Intensification. (In) Water-wise Rice Production, pp 71–87. Bouman, B.A.M., Hengsdijk, H., Hardy, B., Bindraban, P.S., Tuong, T.P., Ladha, J.K. (Eds.). IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
Walia, U.S., Bhullar, M.S., Shelly, N. and Walia, S.S. 2008. Control of complex weed flora of dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) with pre and post-emergence herbicides. Indian Journal of Weed Science 40(3, 4): 161–64.
