Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i4.5544Keywords:
Biofertilizers, Chickpea, Economics, Phosphorus, YieldAbstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during rabi 2021–22 and 2022–23 to study the influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition of Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (factorial experiment) by taking four levels of phosphorus, viz. 0 kg P2 O5 /ha, 30 kg P2 O5 /ha, 40 kg P2 O5 /ha, 50 kg P2 O5 /ha and bio-fertilizers (No inoculation, PSB (B. thuringiensis) @ 20 g/kg of seed, Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) @ 20 g/kg of seed PSB (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) which were replicated thrice. The chickpea variety “JG-16” was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ ha through Urea. However, phosphorus and bio-fertilizers were applied as per the requirement of the treatments. The crop was managed as per the recommended package and practices. The experimental study revealed that among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches. Further, it also produced highest seed, stover, biological yield and harvest index. Similar, result showed in N, P, K uptake. However, among the bio-fertilizers, application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea. Application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) resulted in highest gross return, net return and Benefit: cost ratio.
References
Ali, H., Khan, M.A. and Randhawa, S.A. 2004. Interactive effect of seed inoculation and phosphorus application on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1):110-112.
Bhattacharjya S. and Chandra R. 2013. Effect of inoculation methods of Mesorhizobium ciceri and PGPR in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) on symbiotic traits, yields, nutrient uptake and soil properties. Legume Research, 36: 331-37.
Jat, P.C., Rathore, S.S., & Sharma, R. (2014). Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management and Intercropping Systems on Yield Attributes and Yield of Maize. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 27.65-73
Kachave, R. R., Indulkar, B. S., Vaidya, P. H., Ingole, A. J. and Patil, N. M. 2018. Effect of phosphorus and PSB on growth yield and quality of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in inceptisol. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 7: 3359-3365.
Kaur N, Sharma P and Sharma S (2015) Co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. as bio-enhancer and bio-fertilizer in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Res 38: 367-74.
Khan, M.A., Ali, A. and Tanveer, A.2004. Effect of seed inoculation and different levels of phosphorus on the yield and yield components of chickpea. Pakistan Journal of Life and social Sciences, 1: 106-08.
Kuldeep Balai, Y. Sharma, M. Jajoria, P. Deewan and Verma, R. 2017. Effect of Phosphorus, and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Economics of Chickpea (Cicer aritinum L.). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 6(3): 1174-1181.
Kumar, D., Arvadiya, L. K., Desai, K. L., Usadadiya, V. P. and Patel, A. M. 2015. Growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by graded levels of fertilizers and bio-fertilizers. The bioscan, 10(1): 335-338.
Kumawat, N., Yadav, R. K., Singh, M., Dudwe, T. S. and Tomar, I. S. 2020. Effect of phosphorus and bioinoculants and their residual effect on succeeding chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 90(2):320–5.
M. L. Jat, S. K. Sharma, R. K. Gupta, K. Sirohi and P. Chandana, “Laser Land Leveling: The Precursor Technology for Resource Conservation in Irrigated Eco-System of India,” In: I. P. Abrol, et al., Eds., Conservation Agriculture-Status and Prospects, CASA, New Delhi, 2005, pp. 145-154.
Malik D K and Sindhu S S (2011) Production of indole acetic acid by Pseudomonas sp.: effect of coinoculation with Mesorhizobium sp. cicer on nodulation and plant growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 17: 25-32.
Mishra, A., Prasad, K. and Geeta, R. 2010. Effect of bio-fertilizer inoculation on growth andyield of dwarf field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in conjugation with different doses of chemical fertilizers.Indian Journal of Agronomy, 9(4):163-168.
Motsara, M.R., 2002. Promoting Balanced Fertilization in India–Policies and Economic Issues. Fertilizer News, 47, pp.15-21.
Nawange, D.D., Yadav A.S. and Singh, R.V. 2011. Effect of phosphorus and Sulphur application on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).Legume Research, 34(1):48–50.
Ogola, A.H., Odhiambo, G.D., Okalebo, J.R. and Muyekho, F.N. 2012. Influence of phosphorus on selected desmodium growth and nodulation parameters. ARPN Journal of Agricutlure and Biological Science, 7: 294–301.
Patel H K, Patel P M, Suthar J V and Patel M R (2012) Yield, quality and post harvest nutrient status of chickpea as influenced by application of sulphur and phosphorus fertilizer management. Int J Sci Res Publ 4: 1-3.
Rudresh, D.L., Shivaprakasha, M.K., Prasad, R.D. 2005. Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Applied Soil Ecology Journal, 28:139-46.
Saket, A. K. and Rahi, S. 2019. Response of black gram (Phaseolous mungo L.) to applied sulphur and biofertilizers. International Journal of Advance Science and Research, 4: 1-4.
Tiwari, K. S., Mehera, B. and Kumar, N. 2022. Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.).The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11 (5): 2269-2272.
