Potassium fertilization for enhancing yield attributes, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v64i2.5258Keywords:
Economics, Fertilization, Growth analysis, Potassium, Wheat, YieldAbstract
A 2-year field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201516 and 201617 at New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of rate, method, time and source of potassium (K) fertilization on yield attributes, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Potassium supply enhanced the yield attributes (spike weight, spike length, grains/spike, fertility %) and yield (grain and straw) significantly. Application of 60 kg K O/ha in 2 2 splits, half basal and remaining half at spike-initiation stage or 75% basal and remaining 25% at spike-initiation stage increased the grain yield (5.5 t/ha), net returns ( 78,000) and benefit: cost ratio (2.2) by 8.8, 9.5 and 10%, respectively over applying the entire dose as basal. A strong positive and significant correlation was observed be- tween yield attributes (r2 = 0.800.96) (total tillers/m2, grains/spike, spike weight, spike length and fertility %) and grain yield. Two foliar sprays of 2.5% potassium nitrate increased fertility percentage by 5 and grain yield of wheat by 6% over the control. However, foliar spray of potassium nitrate was not beneficial if combined with split applica- tion of recommended dose of potassium (60 kg K O/ha), whereas foliar spray proved good substitute for top- 2 dressing of potassium. Basal application of 53.8 kg K O/ha followed by 2 foliar sprays of potassium nitrate, was 2 equally beneficial to 2 split application of 60 kg K O/ha. Similarly, 2 split application of 60 kg K O/ha at 50 : 50 or 2 2 75 : 25 ratio increased the benefit: cost ratio by 10% (2.2) over application of entire dose as basal.References
Asseng, S., Foster, I.A.N. and Turner, N.C. 2011. The impact of temperature variability on wheat yields. Global Change Biology17: 9971,012
Bhandari, A.L., Ladha, J.K., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Dawe, D. andGupta, R.K. 2002. Yield and soil nutrient changes in a longterm ricewheat rotation in India. Soil Science Society ofAmerica Journal 66: 162170
Bhatt, R. 2013. Soil test based fertilization to improve production ofoilseed crops in Kapurthala district of Punjab. InternationalJournal of Science and Environment Technology 2(3): 521526
Bijay-Singh., Yadvinder-Singh, Imas, P. and Xie, J.C. 2003. Potassium nutrition of the ricewheat cropping system. Advancesin Agronomy 81: 203259
Evans, K.M. and Riedell, W.E. 2006. Response of spring wheatcultivars to nutrient solutions containing additional potassium chloride. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 497504
Ferris, R., Ellis, R.H., Wheeler, T.R. and Hadley, P. 1998. Effect ofhigh temperature stress at anthesis on grain yield and biomass of field-grown crops of wheat. Annals of Botany 82:631639
Khan, R., Gurmani, A.R., Gurmani, A.H. and Zia, M.S. 2007. Effectof potassium application on crop yields under wheatrice June 2019]WHEAT RESPONSE TO POTASSIUM FERTILIZATIONsystem. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 23: 277280
Khare, D. and Dixit, H.C. 2011. Effect of potassium and zinc onyield, quality and uptake of nutrients in wheat. Annals ofPlant and Soil Research 13(2): 158160
Kumar, M., Sarangi, A., Singh, D.K., Rao, A.R. and Sudhishri, S
Response of wheat cultivars to foliar potassium fertilization under irrigated saline environment. Journal of Appliedand Natural Science 8(1): 429436
Lv, X., T, Li, Wen, X., Liao, Y. and Liu, Y. 2017. Effect of potassiumfoliage application post-anthesis on grain filling of wheatunder drought stress. Field Crops Research 206: 95105
Maurya, S.P., Yadav, M.P., Yadav, D.D., Verma, S.K., Kumar, S. andBahadur, S. 2015. Effect of potassium levels on growth andyield of wheat varieties. Environment and Ecology 33(2):726729
Niwas, R. and Khichar, M.L. 2016. Managing impact of climatic vagaries on the productivity of wheat and mustard in India
Mausam 67(1): 205222
Singh, M. and Wanjari, R.H. 2012. All India Coordinated Research231Project on Long-Term Fertilizer Experiments to studychanges in soil quality, crop productivity and sustainability
(In) Annual Report 201011. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 114 p
Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Shukla, A.K., Chauhan, Y.S. and Yadav,R.L. 2005. Diversification of rice with pigeonpea in a ricewheat cropping system on a Typic Ustochrept: Effect on soilfertility, yield and nutrient use efficiency. Field Crops Research 92: 85105
Srinivasarao, Ch., Satyanarayana, T. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2011
Potassium mining in Indian Agriculture: Input and outputbalance. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Sciences 24: 2028
Tripathi, A. and Mishra, A.K. 2017. The wheat sector in India: Production, policies and food security. (In) The Eurasian WheatBelt and Food Security Global and Regional Aspects
Gomez, Y., Paloma, S., Mary, S., Langrell, S., Ciaian, P
(Eds). Springer International Publishing Switzerland. pp