Effect of crop geometry and nitrogen on nitrogen uptake, protein yield, oil yield and oil quality of determinate and short-statured genotypes of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata)

HARWINDER KAUR; VIRENDER SARDANA; PUSHP SHARMA; GURPREET KAUR

doi:10.59797/ija.v64i1.5243

Authors

HARWINDER KAUR
VIRENDER SARDANA
PUSHP SHARMA
GURPREET KAUR

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v64i1.5243

Keywords:

Ethiopian mustard, Fatty acid composition, Genotypes, Nitrogen content, N-uptake, Oil, Pro- tein, Spacing, Yield

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201314 and 201415 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the effect of nitrogen and spacing on N uptake, oil yield, protein yield and oil quality of short- statured, determinate genotypes of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun). The experiment was con- ducted in 3 replications in a split-plot design with combination of 3 genotypes (BJC 13-1, BJC 13-2, BJC 13-3) and 4 spacings (25 cm 15 cm, 30 cm 10 cm, 30 cm 15 cm, 45 cm 10 cm) in main plots and 2 doses of N (100 and 125 kg/ha) in subplots. Pooled mean data of two years revealed that different genotypes registered simi- lar seed and stover yields, N content in seed, N uptake in seed, stover as well as total, protein content and oil and protein yields. Genotypes also did not differ in fatty acid composition of oil except oleic acid, eicosenoic acid and erucic acid which were higher in BJC 13-1 compared to BJC13-3. The highest seed and stover yields were ob- tained with 25 cm 15 cm spacing. Spacing of 30 cm 15 cm resulted in significantly more N and protein content in seed and stover, N uptake by stover and total N uptake. Effect of spacing on oil content and yield and oil quality was non-significant. Application of 125 kg/ha of N resulted in significantly more N content in seed and stover, N uptake by seed, stover and total, oil yield, protein content, protein yield and improved oleic acid, linoleic acid, lino- lenic acid and decreased proportion of erucic acid in oil as compared to 100 kg/ha of N.

References

Alexander, D.E., Silvela, L., Collins, S.F.I. and Rodgers, R.C. 1967

Analysis of oil content in maize by wide-line NMR. Journalof American Oil Chemists Society 44(10): 555558

Appleqvist, L.A. 1968. Rapid methods of lipid extraction and fattyacid ester preparation for seed and leaf tissue with specialremarks on preventing the accumulation of lipid contaminants. Arkiv for Kemi 28(36): 351370

Arif, M., Shehzad, M.A. and Mushtaq, S. 2012. Inter and intra rowspacing effects on growth, seed yield and oil contents ofwhite mustard (Sinapis alba L.) under rainfed conditions

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49(1): 2125

Becker, H. C., Loptien, H. and Robbelen, G. 1999. Breeding: anoverview. (In) Biology of Brassica Cenospecies, pp. 413460. Gomez-Campo, C. (Ed). Elsevier Science BV,Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Charak, A.S., Dadheech, R.C. and Chouhan, G.S. 2012. Effect ofsowing time, row spacing and nitrogen levels on growth,yield and nutrient uptake of toria (Brassica campestris var

toria). Indian Journal of Social Research 53(5): 393398

Cheema, M.A., Saleem, M. and Malik, A.M. 2001. Effect of rowspacing and nitrogen management on agronomic traits andoil quality of canola (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journalof Agricultural Sciences 38(34): 1518

Gan, Y., Malhi, S.S., Brandt, S., Katepa-Mupondwa, F. andStevenson, C. 2008. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogenuptake of Brassica juncea canola under diverse environments. Agronomy Journal 100(2): 285295

Gawai, P.P., Chaudhari, C.S., Zade, N.G. and Darange, S.Q. 1994

Response of mustard to nitrogen fertilization and spacing

Journal of Plant Science 4(1): 3644

Gupta, V., Bhadauria, V.P.K. and Agarwal, R.L. 2011. Effect of nitrogen and split doses of potassium on quality aspects ofBrassica species. African Journal of Agricultural Research6(2): 285288

Johnson, B.L., Zakaria, A.K.M., Hanson, B.K. 2003. Row spacinginteraction on spring canola performance in the north greatplains. Agronomy Journal 95(3): 703708

Kardgar, B., Delkhoshb, G., Noormohammadic, A.H. andShiraniradd. 2010. Effects of nitrogen and plant density onyield of field mustard (Brassica campestris). Plant Ecophysiology 2: 157164

Katiyar, R.K., Gangasaran and Giri, G. 1986. Evaluation of Brassicacarinata as a new oilseed crop in India. Experimental Agriculture 22(1): 6770

Kaur, P. and Sidhu, M.S. 2004. Effect of sowing date, nitrogen leveland row spacing on the growth and yield of African sarson(Brassica carinata A. Br.). Journal of Research, PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana 41(1): 2734

Kumar, D., Singh, S., Sharma, S.N. and Shivay, Y.S. 2000. Relativeefficiency of urea and dicyandiamide-blended urea on mus- 122HARWINDER KAUR ET AL

tard (Brassica juncea) varieties. Indian Journal of Agronomy45(2): 179183

Kumar, P. 2013. Effect of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality ofIndian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. M.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural Univesrity, Ludhiana, Punjab

Malik, R.S. 1990. Prospects for Brassica carinata as an oilseed cropin India. Experimantal Agriculture 26(1): 125129

Misra, B.K. and Rana, N.S. 1992. Response of yellow sarsoon torow spacing and nitrogen fertilization under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Agronomy 37(4): 847848

Mozaffari, S.N., Delkhosh, B. and Rad, A.S. 2012. Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on yield and some of theagronomical characteristics in mustard (Brassica juncea)

Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5(2): 2,0512,054

Pan, X., Lada, R.R., Caldwell, C.D. and Falk, K.C. 2012. Waterstress and N-nutrition effects on photosynthesis and growthof Brassica carinata. Photosynthetica 49(2): 309315

Piper, C S. 1966. Soil Plant Analysis. Hans Publishers Co., Bombay,(now Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Prakash, O., Das, T.K., Singh, H.B. and Singh, N. 2000. Studies onthe performance of three Brassica species as affected by timeof sowing and nitrogen. I. Growth and nutrient uptake. Annals of Agricultural Research 21(2): 169174

Rana, D.S. 2002. Yield and yield attributes, nutrients uptake, nitrogen-use efficiency and economics of oleiferous Brassicas asinfluenced by time of sowing and fertility levels. IndianJournal of Agricultural Sciences 72(9): 519524

Reddy, C.S. and Reddy, P.R. 1998. Performance of mustard varieties on Alfisols of Rayataseema region of Andhra Pradesh

[Vol. 64, No. 1Journal of Oilseeds Research 15(2): 379380

Sah, D., Bohra, J.S. and Shukla, D.N. 2006. Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and sulphur on growth attributes and nutrientuptake by Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern &Coss]. Crop Research 31(1): 5255

Sharma, P. 2013. Response of mustard varieties to fertility levels inalluvial soils of Madhya Pradesh. TECHNOFAME- A Journal of Multidisciplinary Advanced Research 2(1): 4749

Sher, R.U., Malik, M.A. and Ali, A. 2001. Biological expression ofraya (Brassica juncea L.) grown under different plantingpatterns and inter plant spacing. International Journal ofAgricultural Biology 3(2): 214216

Singh, T., Dahiya, K.S. And Sidhu, M.S. 2006. Effect of genotype,seedling age and row spacing on performance of transplanted African mustard under late-sown conditions. IndianJournal of Agronomy 51(3): 221224

Sutariya, D.A., Patel, K.M., Bhadauria, H.S., Vaghela, P.O.,Prajapati, D.V. and Parmar, S.K. 2011. Genetic diversity forquality traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)]. Journal of Oilseed Brassica 2(1): 4447

Taylor, D.C., Kevin, C., Falk, C., Palmer, D., Hammerlindl, J. andBabic, V. 2010. Brassica carinata a new molecular farming platform for delivering bio-industrial oil feedstocks: casestudies of genetic modifications to improve very long-chainfatty acid and oil content in seeds. Biofuels, Bioproducts andBiorefinery 4(5): 538561

Yadava, D.K., Vasudev, S., Singh, N., Mohapatra, T. and Prabhu,K.V. 2012. Breeding major oil crops: Present status and future research needs. (In) Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops. Springer, New York, the USA