Reponse of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to top-dressing of diammonium phosphate in rainfed areas of Shivalik foothills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v49i4.5211Keywords:
Wheat, Tn'ticum aestivum, Grain yield, Top-dressing, Phosphorus balanceAbstract
A field experiment was carried out during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to find out the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) variety 'PBW 175'to top-dressing of diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilier un- der rainfed Shivalik foothills of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir. Basal application of recommended dose of DAP produced significantly taller plants, more number of effective tillerslm row length, ear length and number of grainslear which ultimately increased the grain and straw yields. An adverse effect on the yield attributes and yield was observed with the delayed application of DAP from 10 to 50 days after sowing and the reduction in grain yield was from 3.9 to 26.1% and 3.5 to 28.9% during the first and second year respectively. However, the differences in yield attributes and yield with DAP application as basal and its top-dressing 10 DAS were at par. The uptake of nutrients, viz. NPK was influenced significantly by the application of DAP at different intervals. Available phosphorus content in soil showed positive balance at the end of 2 years of experimentation.References
Indian Journal of Agronomy 49 (4) : 25 1-253 (December 2004)
in rainfed areas of Shivalik foothills
J.S. JAMWAL AND K.L. BHAGAT
Dryland Research Sub-Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of ~~ricultziral Sciences and Technology, Rakh Dhinnsac Bari-Brahmana, Jammu, Jarnmu and Kashrnir 181 133
Received :May 2003
A field experiment was carried out during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to find out the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) variety 'PBW 175'to top-dressing of diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilier un- der rainfed Shivalik foothills of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir. Basal application of recommended dose of DAP produced significantly taller plants, more number of effective tillerslm row length, ear length and number of grainslear which ultimately increased the grain and straw yields. An adverse effect on the yield attributes and yield was observed with the delayed application of DAP from 10 to 50 days after sowing and the reduction in grain yield was from 3.9 to 26.1% and 3.5 to 28.9% during the first and second year respectively. However, the differences in yield attributes and yield with DAP application as basal and its top-dressing 10 DAS were at par. The uptake of nutrients, viz. NPK was influenced significantly by the application of DAP at different intervals. Available phosphorus content in soil showed positive balance at the end of 2 years of experimentation.
Key words:Wheat, Tn'ticum aestivum, Grain yield, Top-dressing, Phosphorus balance
Wheat is a major winter season crop of rainfed sub- tropical Shivalik foothills, covering more than 50% of the area under different winter crops. Diammonium phos- phate (DAP) is generally applied basal in all the rainfed crops. But it has been observed in Kandi areas that during sowing season of wheat which coincides with winter rains, many times the diammonium phosphate is not avail- able in adequate quantity in the market due to its abrupt and huge demands. Therefore, sometimes round about 25- 30% of the area under rainfed wheat is sown without the basal application of DAP. It has also been observed that some farmers top-dress DAP in wheat crop as and when the winter rains are received. Since the information on the response of wheat to top-dressing of DAP in this region is lacking, the present investigation was carried out.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An experiment was conducted at Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Rakh-Dhiansar, Jammu, during the win- ter season of 1997-98 and 1998-99. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and low-in available N (229 kg1 ha) and P (16 kglha) and medium in K (176 kglha), hav- ing pH 7.3.
The experiment was laid out in randomized block de- sign with 3 replications. Wheat variety 'PBW 175' was sown by pora (funnel) method in the second weak of No- vember during both the years. The treatments consisted of: T,, control (no P); T2, 66 kg diammonium phosphate (DAP) as basal; T,, 66 kg DAP top-dressed at 10 DAS; T,, 66 kg DAP top-dressed at 20 DAS; T,, 66 kg DAP top-dressed at 30 DAS; T,, 66 kg DAP top-dressed at 40 DAS; and T,, 66 kg DAP top-dressed at 50 DAS.
Application of 46 kg Nlha through urea and 20 kg K,O/ ha through muriate of potash was common to all ;he treatments. Full muriate of potash and 213rd urea were applied as basal and the remaining 113rd urea was top- dressed in January when witner rains were received dur- ing both the years. A total rainfall of 372.3 mm in 34 rainy days and 208.5 mm in 20 rainy days was received during the winter seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 respectively. In case of top-dressing of DAP, the fertilizer was broad- cast in standing wheat crop and then mixed with the soil using a hand-operated medium cultivator.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Basal application of DAP significantly improved the growth of wheat, as the taller wheat plants (95.9 cm) were recorded with diammonium phosphate (DAP) application as compared with the control (92.2 cm) (Table 1). De- layed application of DAP from 10 to 50 days after sowing resulted in lowering the plant height (95.4 to 92.7 cm). Similarly, values of number of effective tillerslm row
