Effect of organic manuring and nitrogen fertilization on productivity, nutrient-use efficiency and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 on sandy-loam soils of Hisar. Haryana, to study the effect of organic (FYMQO, 10, 20 and 30 tonneslha) and inorganic (N Q 0, 60, 120 and 180 kglha) and 1 recommended fertility level of 120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 25 kg ZnSOdha) sources of N on productivity, profitability, optimum dose of N and its use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Application of recommended fertility level along with 10 tonnes FYMIha resulted significantly higher grain yield, N, P and K uptake by 9.0, 11 .O, 21.6 and 9.87% compared with recommended fertility level alone and by 4.0, 2.0, 7.8 and 7.6% as compared with 10 tonnes FYMlha along with 180 kg Nlha. Application of 10, 20 and 30 tonnes FYMIha enhanced the agronomic efficiency by 4.4, 7.1, 7.9 kg grain addedlkg N; apparent recovery of N by 10.6, 19.3, 21.5% and partial factor productivity of N by 4.4, 7.1, 7.9 kg grainlkg N compared with no FYM. Increasing levels of N from 60 to 120, 180 kg Nlha and recommended fertility level reduced the ag- ronomic efficiency, apparent recovery of N and partial factor productivity of N; however, the reduction was low at recommended fertility level. Highest physiological efficiency of N (41.1), P (213.9) and K (39.9) was recorded at 60 kg Nlha, which was decreased by 2.3 kg grainlkg N absorbed, 14.1 kg grainlkg P absorbed and 5.4 kg grain1 kg K absorbed at recommended fertility level as compared with 60 kg Nlha. Optimum dose of N with 10 tonnes FYMIha was 135.6 kg Nlha for wheat. Application of 10 tonnes FYMIha substituted 34.1 kg N requirement com- pared to without FYM. Application of 10 tonnes FYM and 180 kg Nlha recorded higher net returns of Rs 9,294 and Rs 12,519lha with the highest benefit : cost ratio of 1.92 and 2.13 respectively.