Yield parameters of cassava (Manihot esculenta) as affected by method of addition of organic matter in two consecutive minor seasons of Sri Lanka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i4.5044Keywords:
Cassava, Minor (dry) seasons, Rainfall utilization, Growth, YieldsAbstract
A study was carried out at the experimental farm, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, to evaluate the influ- ence of 2 organic materials [rice (Olyza sativa L.) straw and Gliricidia leaves, applied as a surface mulch or in- corporated at planting on soil moisture, growth and yields of cassava [Manihot esculenta (L.) Crantz] planted in 2 dry seasons (2002 and 2003) and the rainfall-utilization efficiency by this crop. Application of straw or Gliricidia leaves as a mulch increased the soil-moisture contents and enhanced vegetative growth, yield components, yields, harvest indices of cassava and rainfall-use efficiency in both seasons compared to incorporation of or- ganic matter. The mean yield increment owing to the straw mulch were 46% and 54% in the 2 seasons and 25% due to Gliricidia in both seasons respectively. Incorporation of straw and Gliricidia reduced yields by 14-16% and 8% respectively, compared with surface application. The benefit of rice straw was greater owing to its ability to maintain greater soil-moisture content in the minor dry season.References
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Takahashi, S., Uenosono, S. and Ono, S. 2003. Short and long term effects of rice straw application on nitrogen uptake by crops and nitrogen mineralization under flooded and upland condi- tions. Plant and Soil 251 :29 1-301.
Zahara, A.R. and Bah, A.R. 1999. Patterns of decomposition and nutrient release by fresh Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) leaves in an Ultisol. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosysterns 55 :269-
Conner, D.J., Cock, J.H. and Parra, G.H. 198 1. The response of cas- sava to water shortage. I. Growth and yield. Field Crops Research 4 : 18 1-200.
Dornroes, M. and Ranatunge, E. 1992. The orthogonal structure of monsoon rainfall variation over Sri Lanka. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 46 : 109-1 14.
Ekanayake, L.J., Malagarnba, P. and Midmore, D.J. 1990. Effect of water stress on yield indices of sweet potato. (In) Proceed-ings of the 8' ISTRC Symposium, Thailand, Howeler R.H (Ed.) pp. 520-528.
El Dash. A. and Chang, Y. 1990 Meeting the demand for the future- Cassava in convenient foods. (In) Proceedings of 8' ISRC Symposium, pp. 425-429. Thailand. R.H. Howeler (Ed.).
El. Sharkawy, M.A. 2004. Cassava biology and physiology. Plant Molecular Biology 56 :48 1-501.
Ezedinma, ED., Ibe, D.G. and Onwuchuruba, AS. 1980. Perfor- mance of cassava in relation to time of planting and harvest- ing. (In) Proceedings of First Triennial Symposium of ISTRC (Africa). Terry, E.R. et al. (Eds). IDRC Chanda pp. 111-
Sangakkara, R. 1994. Effect of time of planting on growth and yields of cassava Thai Journal of Agricultural Sciences 27 : 65-74.
Takahashi, S., Uenosono, S. and Ono, S. 2003. Short and long term effects of rice straw application on nitrogen uptake by crops and nitrogen mineralization under flooded and upland condi- tions. Plant and Soil 251 :29 1-301.
Zahara, A.R. and Bah, A.R. 1999. Patterns of decomposition and nutrient release by fresh Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) leaves in an Ultisol. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosysterns 55 :269-
