Response of sewage-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) to level and timing of nitrogen application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4888Keywords:
Sewage irrigation, Time of N application, Waste water use, Wheat, Nitrate pollutionAbstract
A study was conducted during the winter season of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at sewage-irrigated farms in Sirsa (Haryana) for evaluating the optimal dose and time of application of nitrogenous fertilizers to wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Seven fields, 0.4 ha each, were selected along the sewage drain during 2001- 02 on the basis of variations in the build-up of organic matter (0.89-3.44%) vis-a-vis nitrogen (available N 191- 413 kglha). Eight treatments consisting of different doses of fertilizer N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kglha) and times of application of 75 kg Nlha (50% of recommended N for normal soils of the area). First trial was repeated on eight other farmers' fields during 2002-03 with 1.19-3.01 per cent organic matter. The observations on wheat yield showed improvement in basic productivity of soils with accumulation of organic matter up to 2 per cent. The latter also defined the optimal doses of nitrogen, computed to be 55-1 19 kglha. Distinct possibility of producing high yield with reduced addition of N fertilizer was found in the immediate vicinity of the sewage-dlsposal sites. Under reduced doses, wheat responded better to a booster basal dose, followed by at crown-root initiation. Thus the recommendations to the farmers on the use of N fertilizers should be different for waste water-irrigated soils. The reduced use of nitrogen should further help in minimizing the pollution problems by NO,-N, especially with shal- low ground waters.References
pollution of ground waters. The nitrogen-use efficiency was also affected both by the initial productivity as evident Chakrabarti, C. and Chakrabarti, T. 1988. Effects of irrigation with raw and differentially diluted sewage and application of pri-
from organic matter and the rates of applied nitrogen
mary settled sewage-sludge on wehat plant growth, crop
(Table 1). Nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with the rate
yield, enzymatic changes and trace element uptake. Environ-
of N application, which was 33-40 and 20-35 per cent in
mental Pollution 51: 219-235. 2001-02 and 2002-03 respectively. Similarly, NUE also Day, A.D., Taher, F.A. and Katterman, F.R. 1975. Influence of improved with organic matter accumulation, being 22-50 treated municipal waste water on growth, fibre, acid-soluble and 21-30 per cent respectively during these years. nucleotides, protein and amino acid content in wheat grain.
Journal of Environmental Quality 4: 372. Minhas, P.S. and Samra, J.S. 2004. Wastewater Use in Peri-urban
Effect of time of application
Agriculture: Impacts and Opportunities, 78 pp. Bulletin 11
The grain yield of wheat was affected by the timing of
, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal.
N application and was higher when the whole amount of
Pradhan, S.K., Sarkar, S.K. and Prakash, S. 2001. Effect of sewage
nitrogen was applied basal (Table 2), indicating that a
water on the growth and yield parameters of wheat and booster dose of nitrogen is essential even under higher blackgram with different fertilizer levels. Journal of Environ- accumulations of organic matter in the soil. This was fol- mental Biology 22: 133-136. lowed by the application of nitrogen in two split doses at Singh, D., Rana, D.S., Pandey, R.N. and Chauhan, I.S. 1995. Yield
response of fodder sorghum, maize and cowpea to varying N
sowing and crown-root initiation, whereas the lowest
P K doses under waste water irrigation on Mollisols of
yields were obtained with delayed application of nitrogen,
western Uttar Pradesh. Annals of Agricultural Research 16:
i.e. in two splits at CRI and milking stage. However, the
N-use efficiency was more (22%) when N was applied in
Zadhoosh, A. and Fardad, H. 2001. Investigation of irrigation with two splits as basal and flowering, whereas NUE was 9-17 waste water on quality and quantity of wheat yield. Iranian per cent. Journal of Agricultural Science 32(3): 479485.
pollution of ground waters. The nitrogen-use efficiency was also affected both by the initial productivity as evident Chakrabarti, C. and Chakrabarti, T. 1988. Effects of irrigation with raw and differentially diluted sewage and application of pri-
from organic matter and the rates of applied nitrogen
mary settled sewage-sludge on wehat plant growth, crop
(Table 1). Nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with the rate
yield, enzymatic changes and trace element uptake. Environ-
of N application, which was 33-40 and 20-35 per cent in
mental Pollution 51: 219-235. 2001-02 and 2002-03 respectively. Similarly, NUE also Day, A.D., Taher, F.A. and Katterman, F.R. 1975. Influence of improved with organic matter accumulation, being 22-50 treated municipal waste water on growth, fibre, acid-soluble and 21-30 per cent respectively during these years. nucleotides, protein and amino acid content in wheat grain.
Journal of Environmental Quality 4: 372. Minhas, P.S. and Samra, J.S. 2004. Wastewater Use in Peri-urban
Effect of time of application
Agriculture: Impacts and Opportunities, 78 pp. Bulletin 11
The grain yield of wheat was affected by the timing of
, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal.
N application and was higher when the whole amount of
Pradhan, S.K., Sarkar, S.K. and Prakash, S. 2001. Effect of sewage
nitrogen was applied basal (Table 2), indicating that a
water on the growth and yield parameters of wheat and booster dose of nitrogen is essential even under higher blackgram with different fertilizer levels. Journal of Environ- accumulations of organic matter in the soil. This was fol- mental Biology 22: 133-136. lowed by the application of nitrogen in two split doses at Singh, D., Rana, D.S., Pandey, R.N. and Chauhan, I.S. 1995. Yield
response of fodder sorghum, maize and cowpea to varying N
sowing and crown-root initiation, whereas the lowest
P K doses under waste water irrigation on Mollisols of
yields were obtained with delayed application of nitrogen,
western Uttar Pradesh. Annals of Agricultural Research 16:
i.e. in two splits at CRI and milking stage. However, the
N-use efficiency was more (22%) when N was applied in
Zadhoosh, A. and Fardad, H. 2001. Investigation of irrigation with two splits as basal and flowering, whereas NUE was 9-17 waste water on quality and quantity of wheat yield. Iranian per cent. Journal of Agricultural Science 32(3): 479485.
