Effect of rice (Oryza sativa) stubble and nitrogen on performance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in rice-tobacco cropping system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v53i3.4863Keywords:
Economics, FCV tobacco, Nitrogen, Productivity, Quality, Rice-tobacco system, Soil fertil- ity, Stubble incorporationAbstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) seasons of 2001-04 to evaluate the effect of different pre-treatment practices to hasten rice (Oryza sativa L.) stubble decomposition and of nitrogen levels on perfor- mance of FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in rice-tobacco cropping system in the rainfed Vertisols. The high- est mean yields of green, cured and bright leaf of tobacco and grade index were recorded with sprays of 4% urea + cellulose degraders (Cellulomonas sp.) on stubbles and incorporation into the soil, which was 16.5, 11.6, 20.7 and 20.0% more, respectively compared with those of the stubbles incorporated without pre-treatment. Sprays of 4% urea + cellulose degraders also increased the leaf-equivalent yield of tobacco, system productivity, profitability, net returns and benefit : cost ratio; the leaf-lamina nitrogen, potassium and nicotine, and reduced sugars, and the sugars : nicotine ratio compared with those of other stubble pre-treatments. Soil-available N and P were signifi- cantly higher with sprays of 4% urea + cellulose degraders and application of 21.8 kg P/ha, respectively as com- pared with other stubble-decomposition methods. The bright leaf yield of tobacco and grade index were compa- rable with 45 and 60 kg N/ha to tobacco and significantly superior to 30 kg N/ha. Higher leaf-equivalent yield of to- bacco, system productivity, profitability, net returns and benefit : cost ratio were obtained with 60 kg N/ha, closely followed by 45 kg N/ha. Benefit : cost ratio was higher with 45 kg N/ha. Leaf lamina concentrations of nitrogen and nicotine increased while sugars, and sugars : nicotine ratio decreased with increase in the level of N from 30 to 60 kg/ha. The soil-available N increased by 6.4% with 60 kg N/ha in comparison with 30 kg N/ha during the 3 years. Nitrogen dose of 45 kg N/ha proved adequate for tobacco when rice stubbles were pre-treated with sprays of 4% urea + cellulolytic bacteria Cellulomonas sp. in rice-tobacco cropping system.References
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cellulose degraders. This might be due to the combined
in northern light soils of Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco Research
effect of urea spray and mechanism of action of the cellu-
(1): 31-38.
lolytic microorganisms that are involved in mineralization
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Kasturi Krishna, S., Krishna Reddy, S.V. and Krishnamurthy, V. 2004a. Effect of spacing, levels of nitrogen and topping on yield and quality of irrigated natu tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) grown in Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Jour- nal of Agronomy 49(2): 124-127.
Kasturi Krishna, S., Krishna Reddy S.V. and Reddy, P.R.S. 2004b. Performance of flue cured Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) -based cropping systems under irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49(3): 201-
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Krishna Reddy, S.V., Kasturi Krishna, S. and Prasad Rao, J.A.V. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and level and time of topping on
productivity and quality of FCV tobacco variety K 326 (NLS
grown in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco
Research 29(2): 148-154.
Krishna Reddy, S.V., Kasturi Krishna, S. and Krishnamurthy, V. 2006. Productivity, quality and economic returns in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with conjunctive use of or- ganic manures and nitrogen under irrigated Alfisols of
Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco Research 32(1): 25-31. ~umar,S., Pandey, D.S. and Rana, N.S. 2004. Effect of tillage, rice residue and nitrogen-management practices on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chemical properties of soil under rice (Olyza sativa)-wheat system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49(4): 223-225. Singh, R. and Yadav, D.S. 2006. Effect of rice (Oryza sativa) resi- due and nitrogen on performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under rice-wheat cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 51(4): 247-250. Tobacco Board, 2007. Annual Report, 2006-07, 123 p. Tobacco Board, Government of India. Ministry of Commerce & In-dustry, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
tices of hastening stubble decomposition, which was sig-
nificantly higher (87.25 mgkg) with sprays of 4% urea + Chandrasekhararao, C. and Reddy, P.R.S. 1998. Effect of leaching losses of nutrients on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco
cellulose degraders. This might be due to the combined
in northern light soils of Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco Research
effect of urea spray and mechanism of action of the cellu-
(1): 31-38.
lolytic microorganisms that are involved in mineralization
Flower, K.C. 1999. Field practices. In: Tobacco-Production, Chem- of organic matter which increased the available soil N.
istry and Technology, 77-82 pp. Davis, D.L. and Nielsen, Kumar et al. (2004) and Singh and Yadav (2006) also re- M.T. (Eds). Blackwell Science Ltd, University Press, Cam-
bridge, Great Britain. Gopalachari, N.C. 1984. Tobacco, 314 p. Indian Council of Agricul- tural Research, New Delhi.
Kasturi Krishna, S., Krishna Reddy, S.V. and Krishnamurthy, V. 2004a. Effect of spacing, levels of nitrogen and topping on yield and quality of irrigated natu tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) grown in Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Jour- nal of Agronomy 49(2): 124-127.
Kasturi Krishna, S., Krishna Reddy S.V. and Reddy, P.R.S. 2004b. Performance of flue cured Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) -based cropping systems under irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49(3): 201-
Kasturi Krishna, S., Krishna Reddy, S.V., Singh, K.D., Subba Rao, R., Harishu Kumar, P. and Krishnamurty, V. 2007. Yield, quality and economics of FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in relation to preceding crops and nitrogen in Vertisols of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy 52(3): 212-
Krishna Reddy, S.V., Kasturi Krishna, S. and Prasad Rao, J.A.V. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and level and time of topping on
productivity and quality of FCV tobacco variety K 326 (NLS
grown in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco
Research 29(2): 148-154.
Krishna Reddy, S.V., Kasturi Krishna, S. and Krishnamurthy, V. 2006. Productivity, quality and economic returns in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with conjunctive use of or- ganic manures and nitrogen under irrigated Alfisols of
Andhra Pradesh. Tobacco Research 32(1): 25-31. ~umar,S., Pandey, D.S. and Rana, N.S. 2004. Effect of tillage, rice residue and nitrogen-management practices on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chemical properties of soil under rice (Olyza sativa)-wheat system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49(4): 223-225. Singh, R. and Yadav, D.S. 2006. Effect of rice (Oryza sativa) resi- due and nitrogen on performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under rice-wheat cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 51(4): 247-250. Tobacco Board, 2007. Annual Report, 2006-07, 123 p. Tobacco Board, Government of India. Ministry of Commerce & In-dustry, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
