Sustaining cotton productivity and soil fertility through in situ management of green manure and crop residues in semi-arid irrigated condition of Tamil Nadu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i4.4816Keywords:
Crop residues, Economics, Finger millet, Gossypium hirsutum, Sunnhemp, Soil fertilityAbstract
A field experiment was undertaken between 2004 and 2C87 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on al- kaline black clay loam Typic haplustalfs soil with low fertility at Coimbatore under irrigated condition to explore the suitability of burying of cotton residues vis-a-vis green manure (GM) sunnhernp (Crotalaria juncea L.) in situ. The treatments to cotton 'Surabhi' included in situ growing and burying of GM crop, recycling of cotton residues and addition of farmyard manure (FYM) alone and in all combination (Q 5 Uha of FYM, 2.5 Uha of crop residues or GM @ 15 kg seedlha), along with conventional practice of crop nutrition with and without a N:P:K dose of 60:13:25 kglha as the controls. Results revealed that simultaneous planting of sunnhemp and cotton under ridge-furrow system, followed by burying of sunnhemp @ 2.5 Uha in situ before flowering followed by earthing up was optimum for higher cotton productivity (1.70 Vha), net return (Rs 23,24O/ha), B:C ratio (1.37) and fibre pro- ductivity efficiency (FPE, 9.40 kglha-day). However, grain yield of rotational finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] 'CO 13' crop grown on the residual fertility was not influenced by the treatments. The system (cotton-finger millet) productivity (2.46 Vha) was also favoured by GM treatment. Soil fertility parameters after the trial indicated that in situ incorporation of GM also resulted in higher OC (0.53, 0.55 %) and N:P:K (200:23.5:599 and 194:18.3:590 kg/ ha) availability in 0-1 5 cm and 15-30 cm soil respectively at the end of 3 years of cropping over absolute control. Climatologically favourable year (2007) played a significant role in realization of higher boll weight, seed cotton yield, net return, B:C ratio and system productivity over others. The present study suggests that in situ incorpora- tion of sunnhemp GM substitute inorganic fertilizers in cotton.References
Blake, D. and Ravindran, C.D. 2003. Influence of tillage and residue management on growth and yield of cotton grown on a vertisol over 5 years in semi-arid region of India. Soil and Tillage Research 70: 163-173.
Campbell, C.A., Selles, F., Lafond, G.P., Biederbeck, V.O. and Zentner, R.P. 2000. Tillage -fertilizer changes: effect on some soil quality attributes under long-term crop rotations in a thin black Chernozem. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81(2): 157-165.
Jackson, B.S. and Gerik, T.J. 1990. Boll shedding and boll load in nitrogen-stressed cotton. Agronomy Journal 82: 483488.
Jeegadeeswari, P.V., Senthil Kumar, P.S. and Kumarasamy, K. 2001. Sustenance of soil fertility status of an alfisol under fifteen years of continuous fertilization and cropping of rice. Crop Research 22: 25-28.
Lachnicht, S.L., Hendrix, P.F., Potter, R.L., Coleman, D.C. and Crossley, D.A. Jr. 2004. Winter decomposition of transgenic cotton residues in conventional till and no till system. Ap-plied Soil Ecology 27: 135-142.
Praharaj, C.S. and Rajendran, T.P. 2007. Long-term quantitative and qualitative changes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soil parameters under cultivars, cropping systems and nutri- ent management options. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sci- ences 77(4): 28S285.
Praharaj,C.S., Rajendran, T.P. and Sankaranarayanan, K. 2006. Com- parative performance of irrigated hirsutumcotton in conven- tional and organic packages in black clay loam soils of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Indian Society for Cotton Improvement 31(2): 99-104.
Rajendran, T.P. and Jain, K.C. 2004. Achievements in cotton re- search in the All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement. -. CICR, RS, Coimbatore, pp. 44-63.
Singh, Bijay and Singh, Yadvinder. 2002. Concepts in Nutrient management. In: Recent Advances in Agronomy. (Guriqbal Singh, Jaspinder Singh and Harbhajan Singh Sekhon Eds). pp. 92-109. Indian Society of Agronomy, New Delhi.
Venugopal, K., Gururajan, K.N. and Gopalakrishnan, N. 1999. Crop production practices for maximizing yield of cotton in India. In: Handbook of Cotton in India. pp.104-122. (V. Sundaram, Basu A.K., Krishna Iyer K.R., Narayanan S.S. and Rajendran T.P. Eds). Indian Society of Cotton Improve- ment, Mumbai.
Venugopal, M.V. and Pundarikakshudu, R. 1999. Long-term effect of nutrient management and cropping system on cotton yield and soil fertility in rainfed vertisols. Nutrition Cycling in Agroecosystem 55(2): 159-164.
Wright, A.L., Frank, M. H. and John, E.M. Jr. 2005. Tillage impacts on microbial biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen dynam- ics of corn and cotton rotations. Applied Soil Ecology 29: 85-92.Blake, D. and Ravindran, C.D. 2003. Influence of tillage and residue management on growth and yield of cotton grown on a vertisol over 5 years in semi-arid region of India. Soil and Tillage Research 70: 163-173.
Campbell, C.A., Selles, F., Lafond, G.P., Biederbeck, V.O. and Zentner, R.P. 2000. Tillage -fertilizer changes: effect on some soil quality attributes under long-term crop rotations in a thin black Chernozem. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81(2): 157-165.
Jackson, B.S. and Gerik, T.J. 1990. Boll shedding and boll load in nitrogen-stressed cotton. Agronomy Journal 82: 483488.
Jeegadeeswari, P.V., Senthil Kumar, P.S. and Kumarasamy, K. 2001. Sustenance of soil fertility status of an alfisol under fifteen years of continuous fertilization and cropping of rice. Crop Research 22: 25-28.
Lachnicht, S.L., Hendrix, P.F., Potter, R.L., Coleman, D.C. and Crossley, D.A. Jr. 2004. Winter decomposition of transgenic cotton residues in conventional till and no till system. Ap-plied Soil Ecology 27: 135-142.
Praharaj, C.S. and Rajendran, T.P. 2007. Long-term quantitative and qualitative changes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soil parameters under cultivars, cropping systems and nutri- ent management options. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sci- ences 77(4): 28S285.
Praharaj,C.S., Rajendran, T.P. and Sankaranarayanan, K. 2006. Com- parative performance of irrigated hirsutumcotton in conven- tional and organic packages in black clay loam soils of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Indian Society for Cotton Improvement 31(2): 99-104.
Rajendran, T.P. and Jain, K.C. 2004. Achievements in cotton re- search in the All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement. -. CICR, RS, Coimbatore, pp. 44-63.
Singh, Bijay and Singh, Yadvinder. 2002. Concepts in Nutrient management. In: Recent Advances in Agronomy. (Guriqbal Singh, Jaspinder Singh and Harbhajan Singh Sekhon Eds). pp. 92-109. Indian Society of Agronomy, New Delhi.
Venugopal, K., Gururajan, K.N. and Gopalakrishnan, N. 1999. Crop production practices for maximizing yield of cotton in India. In: Handbook of Cotton in India. pp.104-122. (V. Sundaram, Basu A.K., Krishna Iyer K.R., Narayanan S.S. and Rajendran T.P. Eds). Indian Society of Cotton Improve- ment, Mumbai.
Venugopal, M.V. and Pundarikakshudu, R. 1999. Long-term effect of nutrient management and cropping system on cotton yield and soil fertility in rainfed vertisols. Nutrition Cycling in Agroecosystem 55(2): 159-164.
Wright, A.L., Frank, M. H. and John, E.M. Jr. 2005. Tillage impacts on microbial biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen dynam- ics of corn and cotton rotations. Applied Soil Ecology 29: 85-92.
