Productivity and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v56i3.4692Keywords:
Maizewheat cropping system, Nutrient management, Nutrient uptake, Organic sources, ProductivityAbstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at New Delhi to assess the growth, yield and nutrient uptake behavior of maize ( Zea mays L.)wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping sys- tem under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels. Application of vermicompost (VC) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha, being at par with farmyard manure (FYM) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha recorded taller plants with more leaf area index (LAI) and grains/cob, resulting in 22.7 and 23.8% enhancement in grain yield of maize over control in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The residual fertility of FYM resulted in higher plant height, LAI effective tillers/meter row length and grains/spikelet of wheat over the VC and control. Grain yield of wheat with residual of FYM increased to the tune of 21.2 and 24.1% over the control; and corresponding increase over the VC application was 9.1 and 10.3% in first and second year, respectively. Similar response in respect of biological yield and N, P, K and Zn up- take to organic sources was also found. Increasing N doses had beneficial effect on growth and yield attributes of both the crops resulting in 21.5, 38.9 and 48.9% increase in grain yield of maize; and 30.0, 47.7 and 61.2% in- crease in grain yield of wheat due to application of 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha over the control, respectively. The bio- logical yields of maize and wheat and nutrients uptake by cropping systems also improved with increasing nitro- gen levels. The net returns/ha from maizewheat cropping sequence was maximum with the application of FYM. Increasing N doses showed the increasing pattern of net returns up to 120 kg N/ha. Expected N balance remained positive with organic sources and N levels. The data on gain or loss of N in soil indicated that N content in soil showed the positive trend with Azotobacter, FYM and 80 and 120 kg N/ha.References
Indian Journal of Agronomy 56 (3): 182__188 (September 2011)
Productivity and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels
K.N. MEENA, ASHOK KUMAR*, D.S. RANA AND M.C. MEENA
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
Received: April, 2010
A field experiment was conducted during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at New Delhi to assess the growth, yield and nutrient uptake behavior of maize (Zea mays L.)wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping system under different bio-sources and nitrogen levels. Application of vermicompost (VC) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha, being at par with farmyard manure (FYM) equivalent of 60 kg N/ha recorded taller plants with more leaf area index (LAI) and grains/cob, resulting in 22.7 and 23.8% enhancement in grain yield of maize over control in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The residual fertility of FYM resulted in higher plant height, LAI effective tillers/meter row length and grains/spikelet of wheat over the VC and control. Grain yield of wheat with residual of FYM increased to the tune of 21.2 and 24.1% over the control; and corresponding increase over the VC application was 9.1 and 10.3% in first and second year, respectively. Similar response in respect of biological yield and N, P, K and Zn uptake to organic sources was also found. Increasing N doses had beneficial effect on growth and yield attributes of both the crops resulting in 21.5, 38.9 and 48.9% increase in grain yield of maize; and 30.0, 47.7 and 61.2% increase in grain yield of wheat due to application of 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha over the control, respectively. The biological yields of maize and wheat and nutrients uptake by cropping systems also improved with increasing nitrogen levels. The net returns/ha from maizewheat cropping sequence was maximum with the application of FYM. Increasing N doses showed the increasing pattern of net returns up to 120 kg N/ha. Expected N balance remained positive with organic sources and N levels. The data on gain or loss of N in soil indicated that N content in soil showed the positive trend with Azotobacter, FYM and 80 and 120 kg N/ha.
Key words : Maizewheat cropping system, Nutrient management, Nutrient uptake, Organic sources, Productivity
Maize and wheat are major crops of irrigated areas in northern parts of the country. Both the crops contribute 37% in food grain production (FAI, 2008). Being the exhaustive crops, maize and wheat require huge amount of nutrients particularly N for producing more yields. The experimental results at various places indicated that both maize and wheat respond well up to the N levels varying from 80 to 120 kg/ha (Raja, 2001 and Vadivel et al., 2001). The continuous application of higher amount of chemical fertilizers leads to deteriorated soil heath with reduced organic matter and multiple nutrient deficiencies. As the consequence, it put a big question for sustaining the productivity of maizewheat system. Integrated nutrient management, which includes potential sources of nutrients like chemical fertilizers, bulky organic manures and biofertilizers, could help in mitigating these problems to some extent (Dhaliwal et al., 2007). The information on N man
*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
agement through organic and inorganic sources in individual crop of maize and wheat are available. But little information is available on system based integrated nutrient management practices. Thus the present study was under taken to study the effect of N levels with different biosources on growth, yield, returns and N balance in maize wheat cropping system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A field experiment on maizewheat cropping system was carried out at the research farm of Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi during of 2006-2007 and 2007-08. The sandy loam soil of the experimental field had 0.37 and 0.38% organic carbon, 155.5 and 160.4 kg/ha available N, 162.1, and
3 kg/ha available K and 9.7 and 10.1 kg/ha available P with pH 7.3 and 7.2 during 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively. Six combinations of organic sources [control, farmyard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC)] with
