Intensification and diversification in rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system for sustainability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v57i4.4655Keywords:
Diversification, Rice-based cropping system, Soil fertility, Sustainability.Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Faizabad during 2005-10 to find out the feasibility of intensification and di- versification in traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping sys- tem. Hybrid rice-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) sequence was found most efficient with respect to production (22.1 t/ha/year), systems profitability (391.6 /ha/day), monetary returns ( 125.3103/ha/year) and energy production (54.2 106 kcal.) followed by hybrid rice-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]-blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and basmati rice-lentil (Lens culinic Medik)-green fodder (maize (Zea mays L.) + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Intensification through inclusion of oilseeds and pulses crops increased the energy output and nutrient use efficiency. The sequences included leguminous crops (grains/fodder) improved the availability of NPK and organic C of the soil besides intensifying the system for higher productivity and profitability.References
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Table 2. Efficiency of various rice based crop sequences (mean data of 5 years)
Treatment Production Land use Apparent Energy System
efficiency efficiency nutrient use production profitability
kg/ha/day (%) efficiency (kg/ha/ ( 106 k cal.) ( /ha/day)
kg nutrient)
Inbred rice-wheat-fallow 28.8 73.97 22.8 33.2 211
Inbred rice-wheat-GM 31.0 73.97 24.6 35.8 191
Hybrid rice-wheat-GM 35.5 73.97 26.4 41.6 235
Hybrid rice-potato-greengram 60.4 87.67 35.0 54.2 392
Hybrid rice-mustard-blackgram 40.3 86.30 31.3 38.6 283
Basmati rice-wheat-GM 34.0 77.26 27.0 30.9 218
Basmati rice-berseem (GF+seed) 30.8 85.20 37.5 14.8 219
Basmati rice-lentil-GF (maize+cowpea) 40.0 90.41 32.4 20.9 283
K cal. (per 100 gm) rice-346, wheat-346, potato-97, greengram-334, blackgram-347, lentil-343, mustard-541.
Table 3. Changes in soil-fertility parameters after fifth cycle as influenced by different rice-based crop sequences
Treatment Organic C (%) Available N (kg/ha) Available P (kg/ha) Available K (kg/ha)
Inbred rice-wheat-fallow 0.54 153 21.6 148
Inbred rice-wheat-GM 0.60 164 22.8 154
Hybrid rice-wheat-GM 0.58 160 23.4 161
Hybrid rice-potato-greengram 0.61 166 22.7 159
Hybrid rice-mustard-blackgram 0.63 162 23.2 164
Basmati rice-wheat-GM 0.59 167 22.7 156
Basmati rice-berseem (GF+seed) 0.64 170 23.3 160
Basmati rice- lentil-GF (maize+cowpea) 0.58 159 21.6 155
Initial soil-test values 0.51 142 18.0 136
GM green manuring of Sesbania aculeata, GF- green fodder
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