Production potential, economics and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under different methods of production in organic management conditions of Sikkim Himalayas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4576Keywords:
Energetics, Genotypes, ICM, Productivity, Rice, SRIAbstract
Field experiments were conducted at Research Farm, ICAR Sikkim Centre during two consecutive rainy sea- sons (kharif ) of 2012 and 2013 with the objective to select the efficient methods and rice (Oryza sativa L.) geno- types in terms of productivity, profitability and energetics for mid hill ecosystems of Sikkim Himalayas. The experi- ment was laid out in 3 times replicated split plot design, assigning 3 methods of rice production, viz. System of rice intensification (SRI), Integrated crop management (ICM) and Conventional planting (CP) to main plots and 6 rice genotypes, viz. Pusa Sugandh-2, Satyaranjan, Geetanjali, Rajendra Bhagwati, Krishna Bhog and Shahsarang in sub-plots. The results revealed that among the methods of rice production, significantly higher val- ues of all the yield attributes {productive tillers/hill, panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), grains/panicle, 1,000 grain weight (g)} and grain yield (3.97 t/ha) were recorded with SRI followed by ICM and conventional method of planting. The increase in yield with SRI was 25 and 55% higher over the ICM and conventional planting, respec- tively. Gross returns, net returns, benefit: ratio and energy use efficiencies were also higher under SRI. Amongst the genotypes, maximum values of yield attributing characters and grain yield (4.15 t/ha) were recorded with the Satyaranjan which was significantly superior to other genotypes.References
Alam, M.S., Alam, M.R. and Islam, K.K. 2005. Energy flow in Agriculture: Bangladesh. American Journal of Environmental Sciences1(3): 21320.
Avasthe, R.K., Verma, S., Kumar, A and Rahman, H. 2012. Performance of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties at different spacing under system of rice intensification (SRI) in mid hill acid soils of Sikkim Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(1): 3237. Azarpour, E. and Moraditochaee, M. 2013. A comparative study on energy use and cost analysis of rice varieties under traditional and semi-mechanized farming systems in north of Iran http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51165.
Babu, Subhash. 2012. Recycling of sunflower residue for nutrients management in pigeonpeasunflower cropping system. Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Gelfand, I., Snapp, S.S. and Robertson, G.P. 2010. Energy efficiency of conventional, organic and alternative cropping systems for food and fuel at a site in the U.S. Mid-west. Environmental Science and Technology 44(10): 4,006011.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomaz, A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley & Sons, Singapore.
Hatirli, S.A., Ozkan, B. and Fert, C. 2006. Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in green house tomato production. Renewable Energy 31: 42738.
Ishani, A., Hazarika J.P. and Deka, N. 2013. A comparative economic analysis of SRI and traditional methods of rice cultivation in Assam. Agricultural Economics Research Review: 23640.
Jayapalreddy, R. and Shenoy, N.S. 2013. A comparative economic analysis of traditional and system of rice intensification (SRI) rice cultivation practices in Mahabubnagar district of
Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Scientific Research 3(10): 13.
Kumar, R.M., Surekha, K., Padmavathi, Ch., Subba Rao, L.V., Latha, P.C., Prasad, M. S., Ravindra Babu, V., Ramprasad, A.S., Rupela, O.P., Goud, V., Muthu Raman, P., Somashekar, N., Ravichandran, S. Singh, S.P. and Viraktamath, B.C. 2009. Research experiences on system of rice intensification and future directions. Journal of Rice Research 2(2): 6171.
Singh, H., Singh, A.K., Kushwaha, H.L. and Singh, A. 2007. Energy consumption pattern of wheat production in India. Energy
: 1848854.
Singh, R.K., Singh, A.N., Ram, A., Prasad S.R. and Chauhan, R.K. 2013. Response of basmati (Oryza sativa L.) rice varieties to system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional methods of rice cultivation. Annals of Agricultural Research New Series 34(1): 5056.
Thiyagarajan, T.M., Senthilkumar, K., Priyadarshini, R., Sundarsingh, J., Muthusankaranarayan, A., Hengsdijk, H. and Bindraban, P. S. 2005. Transitions in Agriculture for enhancing Water Productivity. (In): Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Killikulam, Tamil Nadu, India during 2325, September 2003.
Yadav, S.K., Babu, Subhash, Singh, Y., Yadav, G.S., Singh, K., Singh, R. and Singh, H. 2013. Effect of organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizers on production potential and energy budgeting of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems. Indian Journal of Agronomy 58(4): 914.
Yadav, S.N., Chandra, R., Khura, T.K, and Chauhan, N.S. 2013. Energy inputoutput analysis and mechanization status for cultivation of rice and maize crops in Sikkim. Agricultural Engineering International CIGR Journal Open access at http://www.cigrjournal.org 15(3): 10816.
