Direct and residual effects of fertilizers and biofertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)rice (Oryza sativa) cropping system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i1.4541Keywords:
Crop production, Biofertilizers, Direct effect, Economics, Fertilizer doses, Groundnut-rice crop- ping system, Residual effect, System productivityAbstract
A two-year field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) and rainy ( khar if) seasons of 201012 at Deodhe, Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), to study the direct and residual effects of different doses of fertilizers and . biofertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of groundnut ( ArachishypogaeaL.)rice ( Or yza sativa L ) cropping system. Increasing dose of fertilizers up to 125% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) significantly in- creased pod yield by 79.7% and haulm yield by 63.5% of groundnut over the control. Uptake of N, P and K by groundnut also improved significantly with successive increase in doses of fertilizers up to 125% RDF. Succeeding rice showed significant response to residual fertilizer levels up to 100% RDF in grain yield and up to 125% in straw yield and registered 16.9 and 25.4% increase over the control respectively. The N, P and K uptake by succeeding rice and total NPK uptake, rice-grain equivalent yield, production efficiency, net returns and benefit: cost ratio in groundnutrice cropping system also improved significantly with increase in doses of fertilizers up to 125% RDF applied to groundnut. The crop inoculated with biofertilizers ( Rhizobium+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) recorded significantly higher pod (1.74 t/ha) and haulm yields (3.64 t/ha) of groundnut and grain (5.34 t/ha) and straw yields (5.52 t/ha) of succeeding rice over the control. Inoculation of groundnut with biofertilizers significantly increased N, P, K uptake by groundnut and succeeding rice (except N uptake by rice straw) as well as total N, P and K uptake (393.1 kg/ha), ricegrain equivalent yield (9.92 t/ha), net returns (66.8103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.01) in groundnutrice cropping system over no inoculation. This treatment also recorded the maximum production effi- ciency of the system (38.8 kg/ha/day). Rice crop responded significantly to each higher level of fertilizer up to 125% RDF (direct) in terms of grain and straw yields as well as N, P and K uptake. Application of 125% RDF to rice recorded significantly higher total N, P and K uptake (447.1 kg/ha), ricegrain equivalent yield (10.89 t/ha), production efficiency (42.6 kg/ha/day), net returns ( 78.3103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.17) in groundnutrice cropping system.References
Fauzdar, R.S. 2011. Effect of FYM, biofertilizers and zinc on nutrient transformation, soil properties and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effects on wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) on typichaplustept. Ph.D. Thesis, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan).
Gautam, P., Sharma, G.D., Rana, R. and Lal, B. 2012. Performance of hybrid rice to integrated nutrient management in system of rice intensification (SRI) under mid-hill condition of Himachal Pradesh. (In:) Extended Summaries, Third International Agronomy Congress on Agriculture Diversification,Climate Change Management and Livelihoods, held during 26-30 November 2012, at Indian Society of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi, India, vol. 2, pp. 5253.
Gowda, C.L.L., Ramakrishna, A., Rupela, O.P., Wani, S.P. (Eds). 2001. Legumes in rice-based cropping systems in tropical Asia:Constraints and opportunities, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, p. 146.
Hegde, D.M., Sudhakara Babu, S.N., Qureshi, A.A. and Murthy,
I.Y.L.N. 2007. Enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in crop production-A review.Indian Journal of Agronomy 52(4): 26174.
Kumar, V., Ghosh, B.C., Ravi, Bhat and Karmarkar, S. 2000. Effect of irrigation and fertilizer on yield, water use efficiency and nutrient uptake of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 45(4): 75660.
Mahapatra, I.C., Rao, K.S., Panda, B.B. and Shivay, Y.S. 2012.Agronomic research on rice (Oryza sativa) in India. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(3rd IAC special issue): 931.
Malhotra, R.S., Blake, T., Abd.El-Moneim, A.M., Erskine, W., Sarkar, A., Saxena, M.C., Thomas, R. and Afandi, F.A. 2004. Improved Livelihoods from Legumes: A Review of BNF Research at International Centre for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas. (In:) Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Prospectus for Enhanced Application in Tropical Agriculture, Rachid Serraj (Ed). Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. pp. 109.
Pramanik, K. and Singh, R.K. 2003. Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizer on growth, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of greengram (Phaseolusradiatus). Agronomy Digest
Ramesh, T., Sathiya, K. and Martin, J.G. 2008. Response of aerobic rice to nitrogen levels and split doses. Journal of Farming Systems Research & Development 14(2): 27985.
Rugheim, A.M.E. and Abdelgani, M.E. 2012. Effects of microbial
CHAVAN ET AL. [Vol. 59, No. 1
and chemical fertilization on yield and seed quality of faba bean (Viciafaba). International Food Research Journal 19(2): 41722.
Sammauria, R., Yadav, R.S. and Nagar, K.C. 2009. Performance of clusterbean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and biofertilizers in western Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Agronomy 54(3): 319
Sardana, V., Sheoram, P. and Singh, S. 2006. Effect of seed rate, row spacing, Rhizobium and nutrient application on yield of lentil under dryland conditions. Indian Journal of Pulse Research 19: 21618.
Shivakumar, B.G. and Ahlawat, I.P.S. 2008. Integrated nutrient management in soybean (Glycine max)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 53(4): 27378.
Singh, A.K. and Singh, R.S. 2012. Effect of phosphorus and bioinoculants on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(3): 26569.
Singh, O., Kumar, S. and Awanish. 2012. Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by high fertility levels and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(2): 14347.
Singh, U. and Ahlawat, I.P.S. 2007. Phosphorus management in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-wheat (Triticumaestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 52(1): 2126.
Yadav, R.P., Tripathi M.L and Trivedi, S.K. 2009. Effect of irrigation and nutrient levels on productivity and profitability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Indian Journal of Agronomy 54(3): 33235.
