Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i1.4526Keywords:
Integrated nutrient management, Long-term study, Ricewheat cropping sequence, Soil quality.Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on permanent manurial trial, initiated during the rainy ( kharif) season 1985 at JNKVV, Jabalpur, to evaluate the long-term impact of fertilizer and manure and their integration on yield trends, production efficiency and soil-quality parameters and their inter-relationship with sustainable yield index (SYI) un- . der rice ( Or yza sativa L )wheat [ Tr iticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping sequence. The treatment 50% NPK + 50% N substituted through farmyard manure (FYM) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat provided the high- est wheat-equivalent yield (WEY 8.01 t/ha) with net monetary returns ( 42.7 103/ha) and recorded 430% higher system productivity over the control. The next best treatment was 50% NPK + 50% N substituted through green leaf manure (GLM) of sunhemp ( Sesbania aculeata L.) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat gave higher WEY of 7.97 t/ ha with net monetary returns (42.1 103/ha). The treatment 50% NPK + 50% N substituted through farm yard ma- nure (FYM) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat and 50% NPK + 50% N substituted through GLM to rice and 100% NPK to wheat also increased organic carbon (7.6 g and 7.9 g/kg), available N (282 and 292 kg/ha), P O (15.4 and 2 5 17.2 kg/ha), K O (466 and 488 kg/ha), S (8.4 and 8.5 kg/ha) and Zn (0.43 and 0.45 kg/ha), sustained soil pH (7.49 2 and 7.48) and electrical conductivity (EC) (0.58 and 0.63 dS/m) and lowered the bulk density (1.27 and 1.27 g/ cm3). In the treatment receiving 100100% NPK through fertilizer to both rice and wheat crops, the total productiv- ity was higher (7.72 t/ha). The higher sustainable yield index (0.83) was observed with 50% NPK + 50% N substi- tuted through GLM to rice and 100% NPK through fertilizer to wheat crop. Maximum beneficial micro-organisms, viz. fungi, bacteria, azotobacter, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and actinomycetes were recorded with the inte- grated nutrient practices. Negative trend of net monetary returns was noted with control plot.References
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Table 4. Changes in biological properties up to end of 201011 under different treatments
Treatment Fungi Bacteria AZB PSB ACT
Kharif (rainy season) Rabi (winter season) (104/g) (106/g) (106/g) (106/g) (107/g)
Control (no fertilizer, no manure) Control 34.0 29.3 8.6 4.6 4.9
% NPK 50% NPK 38.5 35.2 17.3 8.0 5.8
% NPK 100% NPK 40.9 37.0 17.0 8.9 6.3
% NPK 75% NPK 41.6 39.5 21.3 11.6 6.0
% NPK 100% NPK 42.2 42.5 24.7 12.0 6.9
% NPK + 50% N as FYM 100% NPK 49.0 58.0 33.9 18.0 12.4
% NPK + 25% N as FYM 75% NPK 45.4 55.5 31.5 15.9 9.2
% NPK + 50% N as WS 100% NPK 48.0 56.4 32.2 17.2 11.5
% NPK + 25% N as WS 75% NPK 45.0 52.8 30.0 15.0 9.2
% NPK + 50% N as GLM 100% NPK 53.8 46.2 37.2 20.3 14.6
% NPK + 25% N as GLM 75% NPK 47.0 43.5 33.1 18.0 12.1
FP (N40P20 + 3 t FYM/ha) FP (N40P20/ha) 44.1 43.8 27.0 13.4 7.5
Initial NA NA NA NA NA
FYM, Farmyard manure; WS, Wheat straw; GLM, Green-leaf manure; FP, Farmers practice; AZB, Azotobacter; PSB, Phosphorus solubilising bacteria; ACT, Actinomycetes
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