Effect of plant spacing on herb, essential oil and artemisinin yields in the antima- larial herb (Artemisia annua)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i1.4522Keywords:
Ar temisia annua, Artemisinin, Herb yield, Oil yield, SpacingAbstract
An experiment was conducted to work out the optimum spacing for obtaining maximum biomass, essential oil and artemisinin yields in antimalarial herb ( Ar temisia annua L.) in the semi-arid region of Gujarat. It was laid out in a randomized block design with 5 spacing treatments, viz. 30 cm 45 cm, 30 cm 60 cm, 45 cm 45 cm, 45 cm 60 cm and 60 cm 60 cm. There were no significant differences in growth parameters like plant height and num- ber of branches among different spacings. However, significant differences were observed in yield characteristics and was found that the mean fresh (30.79 t/ha) and dry (18.35 t/ha) herb yield and fresh (7.7 t/ha) and dry (3.91 t/ ha) leaf yields, were maximum under spacing of 45cm 45 cm. The leaf harvest index and leaf: stem ratio were also significantly higher under optimum spacing of 45 cm 45 cm. No significant differences were observed in es- sential oil content, their composition and artemisinin contents among the different spacing but the yields of essen- tial oil (54.95 kg/ha) and artemisinin (8.88 kg/ha) were found maximum in the spacing of 45 cm 45 cm.References
Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publication Corporation, Carol Stream IL, USA.
Avasthe, R.K., Verma, S., Kumar, A. and Rahman, H. 2012. Performance of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties at different spacing under system of rice intensification (SRI) in mid hill acid soils of Sikkim Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(1): 3237.
Bagchi, G.D., Jain, D.C. and Kumar, S. 1997. Arteether, a potent plant growth inhibitor from Artemisia annua. Phytochemistry 45: 1,13133.
Bakuni, R.S., Jain, D.C., Sharma, R.P. and Kumar, S. 2001. Secondary metabolites and biological activities of Artemisia annua. Current Science 80: 3548.
Chauhan, N.K., Gupta, S., Singh, S., Narayan, O. and Lohani, H. 2008. Effect of different plant spacings on biomass and oil yield of Artemisia annua L. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 30: 27072.
Enserink, M. 2005. Source of new hope against malaria is in short supply. Science 307: 33.
Ferreira, J.F.S. and Janick, J. 1996. Roots as an enhancing factor for the production of artemisinin in shoot cultures of Artemisia annua L. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 44: 21117.
Ferreira, J.F.S., Laughlin, J.C., Delabays, N. and De Magalhaes,
P.M. 2005. Cultivation and genetics of Artemisia annua L. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin. Plant Genetic Resources 3(2): 20629.
Gupta, S.K., Singh, P., Bajpai, P., Ram, G., Singh, D., Gupta, M.M., Jain, D.C., Khanuja, S.P.S. and Kumar, S. 2002. Morphogenetic variation for artemisinin and volatile oil in Artemisia annua, Industrial Crops and Products 16: 21724.
Guan, J. and Nutter, F.W. 2002. Relationships between Percentage Defoliation, Dry Weight, Percentage Reflectance, Leaf-to-Stem Ratio, and Green Leaf Area Index in the Alfalfa Leaf Spot Pathosystem. Crop Science 42: 1,26473.
Kumar, S. and Srivastava, S. 2005. Establishment of artemisinin combination therapy as the first line treatment for combating malaria: Artemisia annua cultivation in India needed for providing sustainable supply chain of artemisinin. Current Science 89: 1,09702.
Kumar, S., Gupta, S.K., Singh, P., Bajpai, P., Gupta, M.M., Singh, D., Gupta, A.K., Ram, G., Shasany, A.K. and Sharma, S. 2004. High yields of artemisinin by multi harvest of Artemisia annua crops. Industrial Crops and Products 19: 7790.
Kumari, A., Singh, R.P. and Yeshpal. 2012. Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard hybrid (Brassica juncea) under different planting time and row spacing. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(1): 6167.
Mert, A., K1r1c1, S. and Ayanolu, F. 2002. The effects of different plant densities on yield, yield components and quality of Artemisia annua L. ecotypes. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9(4): 41318.
Ozguven, M.U., Ener, B.S., Orhan, I., Lu, N.M.S.E, Kirpik, M., Katal, M., Pes In, I. and Kaya, Z. 2008. Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield, yield components and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L. Industrial Crops and Products 27(1): 6064.
Ram, M., Gupta, M., Dwivedi, S. and Kumar, S. 1997. Effect of plant density on the yields of artemisinin and essential oil in Artemisia annua cropped under low input cost management in North Central India. Planta Medica 63(4): 37274.
Sangwan, N.S., Sangwan, R.S. and Kumar, S. 1998. Isolation of genomic DNA from the antimalarial plant Artemisia annua. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 16: 18.
Sanja, C., Milka, M., Danijiela, V. and Adisa, P. 2012. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Artemisia annual L. from Bosnia. Industrial Crops and Products 37: 47985.
Singh, R., Puttanna, K., Prakasa Rao, E.V.S., Gupta, A.K., Gupta,
M.M. and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2009. Evaluation of influence of planting date on growth, artemisinin yield and seed yield of Artemisia annua under Bangalore agro-climatic conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 55(5): 56977.
Tiwari, S. 2011. Effect of developmental stage and plant spacing on artemisinin and essential oil yield in Artemisia annua plants. Trends in Biosciences 4(2): 22223.
Woerdenbag, H.J., Pras, N., Chan, N.G., Bang, B.T., Bos, R., Uden, W., Van, Y.P., Boi, N.V., Batterman, S. and Lugt, C.B. 1994. Artemisinin related sesquiterpenes and essential oil in Artemisia annua during a vegetation period in Vietnam. Planta Medica 60: 27275.
