Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system and its influence on productivity, profitability and energetics under on-farm situation

DINESH KUMAR SINGH; ROHITASHAV SINGH; GAURAV DEEP SINGH; AJIT PRATAP SINGH  SUMIT CHATURVEDI; JODH PAL SINGH; AMARJEET RATHI; MOHAN SINGH

doi:10.59797/ija.v62i3.4315

Authors

DINESH KUMAR SINGH
ROHITASHAV SINGH
GAURAV DEEP SINGH
AJIT PRATAP SINGH SUMIT CHATURVEDI
JODH PAL SINGH
AMARJEET RATHI
MOHAN SINGH

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v62i3.4315

Keywords:

Diversification, Energetics, Productivity, Ricewheat cropping system

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at farmers fields in the district Nainital, Uttarakhand, during 201112 and 201213, to find out the alternate efficient cropping systems for rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.) system in western Himalayas. Five cropping systems including the existing ricewheat were tested at 24 farmers fields as researcher designed farmer managed trials. The rice equivalent yield of rice chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) was the highest (23.7 t/ha), fol- lowed by ricewheatvegetable cowpea (19.3 t/ha), ricevegetable pea (Pisum spp.)maize for cob (Zea mays L.) (17.4 t/ha) and ricelentil (Lens esculenta (L.) Moench)maize (fodder) (16.2 t/ha) systems. Existing ricewheat system recorded rice equivalent yield of 11.8 t/ha, which is 50% lesser than ricechickpeavegetable cowpea sys- tem. The ricechickpeavegetable pea cropping system also recorded the highest net returns ( 222.2103/ha) followed by ricewheatvegetable cowpea ( 203.6103/ha) and ricevegetable peamaize (cob) ( 194.1103/ha) systems. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.91) was recorded with the ricechickpeavegetable cowpea system owing to its lower cost of cultivation and higher returns. Highest energy-use efficiency ratio (5.25) was recorded with the ricelentilmaize (fodder) system. This system also produced second highest energy input-output effi- ciency (0.62MJ/ha/day), which is very close to the highest energy input-output efficiency (0.63 MJ/ha/day) of tradi- tional ricewheat system.

References

Busari, M.A., Kukal, S.S., Kaur, A., Bhatt, R. and Dulazi, A.A. 2015. Conservation tillage impacts on soil, crop and the environment. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.05.002.

Gangwar, B. 2009. Efficient cropping systems for commercialization in selected zones of India. (In) Proceedings of 22nd Training course on Advances in Commercial Agriculture, held during 18 March7 April, 2009. CAS Agronomy, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar pp. 5968.

Government of Uttarakhand. 2014. Statistical Diary Uttarakhand 20132014. Arth avam sankhya nideshaiaya, Nivojan Vibhag, Uttarakhand Shashan, Neshvilla Road, Dehradun, pp. 133.

Kachroo, D., Thakur, N.P., Kour, M., Kumar, P. and Sharma, P. 2012. Productivity and energetic of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems under sub-tropical conditions of Jammu. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(2): 117121.

Kumar, A., Tripathi, H.P. and Yadav, R.A. 2012. Intensification and diversification in rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system for sustainability. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(4): 319322.

Ladha, J.K., Dawe, D., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Yadav, R.L., Bijay, S., Singh, Y., Singh, Y., Singh, P., Kundu, A.L., Sakal, R., Ram, N., Regmi, A.P., Gami, S.K., Bhandari, A.L., Amin, R., Yadav, C.R., Bhattarai, E.M., Das, S., Aggarwal, H.P., Gupta, R.K. and Hobbs, P.R. 2003. How extensive are yield declines in long-term ricewheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Research 81: 159180.

Rautaray, S.K. 2005. Effect of mulching on yield and economics of rainfed rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping sequence in lower Assam. Indian Journal of Agronomy 50(1): 1315.

Sharma, A.K., Thakur, N.P., Koushal, S., Kachroo, D. 2007. Profitable and energy efficient rice-based cropping system under subtropical irrigated conditions of Jammu. (In) Extended Summaries of 3rd National Symposium on Integrated Farming Systems, October 2628, 2007 organized by Farming System and Development Association (Project Directorate for Cropping System Research, Modipuram, Meerut) at Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur.

Singh J.P., Salaria A., Singh K., and Gangwar B. 2008. Efficiency of diversified ricewheat cropping systems including potato, vegetable peas and groundnut crops in trans-gangetic plains. Potato Journal 35(1 and 2): 5360.

Singh, D.K. and Kumar, P. 2014. Influence of diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system on productivity, energetics and profitability under on-farm conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 59(2): 2427.

Singh, D.K., Kumar, P. and Bhardwaj, A.K. 2012. Diversification and intensification of ricewheat cropping system under Garhwal Himalayas. Journal Farming Systems Research and Development 18(2): 278284.

Singh, J.P., Salaria, A., Singh, K. and Gangwar, B. 2005. Diversification of ricewheat cropping system through inclusion of basmati rice, potato and sunflower in TransGangatic plains. Journal Farming Systems Research and Development 11(1): 1218.

Singh, J.P., Trehan, S.P. and Sharma, R.C. 1997. Crop residue management for sustaining the soil fertility and productivity of potato-based cropping systems in Punjab. Journal of Indian Potato Association 24: 8599.