Residual effects of summer green manure crops and zinc applied to rice (Oryza sativa) on succeeding durum wheat (Triticum durum) under basmati ricewheat cropping sequence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i3.4194Keywords:
Durum wheat, Economics, Residual effects, Summer green manure crops, Yields, Zinc con- centration and uptake, Zinc sourcesAbstract
Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2009-11) at the research farm of Indian Agricul- tural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the direct and residual effects of summer green manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp) and Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)] and zinc fertilizer sources [EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn), ZnSO .7H O (21% Zn), ZnSO .H O (33% Zn), ZnO (82% Zn) and 4 2 4 2 ZnSO .7H O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] on productivity, Zn uptake and economics of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)du- 4 2 rum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cropping sequence. In this paper information pertaining to residual effect of treatments on durum wheat is given. Significant residual effects of Zn fertilizer sources and summer green manur- ing crops were observed on durum wheat in comparison with control (no Zn application or summer fallow in pre- ceding Basmati rice). With residual effect of Sesbania incorporation, grain and straw yields of durum wheat were 4.5 and 5.16 t/ha, which were 15.9 and 10.0% higher compared to fallow. Among the different Zn fertilizer sources, residual effect of EDTA-chelated Zn was found to be the best with respect to growth, yield attributes, grain, straw, Zn content and uptake and economics. The residual effect of application of EDTA-chelated Zn resulted in the high- est durum wheat grain (4.78 t/ha) and straw yields (5.38 t/ha) compared to control. Highest Zn concentration in grain (43.0 mg/kg) and straw (126.6 mg/kg) and its uptake was recorded with residual effect of Sesbania incorpo- ration compared with sunhemp, cowpea and summer fallow. Highest total Zn uptake (936.6 g/ha) in durum wheat was recorded with residual effect of EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by ZnSO .7H O, ZnSO .H O, 4 2 4 2 ZnSO .7H O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO and control. The best economical returns were obtained with residual ef- 4 2 fect of Sesbania incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn combination.References
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition. International Zinc Association Publication. International Zinc Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Alvarez, J.M., Almendros, P. and Gonzalez, D. 2009. Residual effects of natural Zn chelates on navy bean response, Zn leaching and soil Zn status. Plant and Soil 317:27791.
Bisht, P.S., Pandey, P.C. and Singh, D.K. 2006. Effect of different sources of nutrients on rice (Oryza sativa) yield and soil nutrient status in rice-wheat cropping. In: Proceedings of the National Symposium on Conservation Agriculture and Environment, October 26-28, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, pp 19394.
Brennan, R.F. and Bolland, D.A. 2006. Residual values of soil-applied zinc fertilizer for early vegetative growth of six crop species. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46: 134147.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
Graham, R.D., Ascher, J.S. and Hynes, S.C. 1992. Selecting zinc efficient genotypes for soils of low zinc status. Plant and Soil 146:24150.
IFA. 2007. Help eliminate the fifth leading disease risk factor in developing countries. In: Fertilizer and Agriculture, January 2007. Sukalac, K.E. (ed.), International Fertilizer Agency, Paris, France. 6 p.
Karak, T., Singh, U.K., Das, S., Das, D.K. and Kuzyakov, Y. 2005. Comparative efficacy of ZnSO4 and Zn-EDTA application for fertilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 51(3):25364.
Kumar, B. and Sharma, R.P.R. 2000. Effect of preceding crops and nitrogen rates on growth and yield attributes of wheat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 34(1): 3438.
Mortvedt, J.J. 1979. Crop response to zinc sources applied alone or with suspensions. Fertilizer Solutions 23:6479.
Nayyar, V.K. and Chhibba, I.M., 2000. Effect of green manuring on micronutrient availability in ricewheat cropping system of northwest India. In: Long-term Soil Fertility Experiments in RiceWheat Cropping Systems. RiceWheat Consortium Paper Series 6. I.P., Abrol and K.F. Brown (Eds.), New Delhi, India, pp. 6872.
Pooniya, V. and Shivay, Y.S. 2011. Effect of green manuring and zinc fertilization on productivity and nutrient uptake in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 56(1):2834.
Prasad, R. 2005. Ricewheat cropping systems. Advances in Agronomy 86:255-339.
Prasad, R. 2006. Zinc in soils and in plants, human and animal nutrition. Indian Journal of Fertilizers 2(9): 10319.
Prasad, R., Shivay, Y.S., Kumar, D. and Sharma, S.N. 2006. Learn
ing by Doing Exercises in Soil Fertility (A practical manual
for soil fertility), Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, 68 p.
Schardt, D. 2006. The zincing feelingzinc in human nutrition, Special Report Nutrition Action Health-letter, http://www. findarticles.com.
Sharma, S.N. and Prasad, R. 1999. Effect of Sesbania greenmanuring and mungbean residue incorporation on productivity and nitrogen uptake of a ricewheat cropping system. Bioresource Technology 87:17175.
Sharma, S.N., Prasad, R. and Singh, S. 1995. The role of mungbean residues and Sesbania aculeata green manure in nitrogen economy of ricewheat cropping system. Plant and Soil 172: 12329.
Shivay, Y.S., Kumar, D. and Prasad, R. 2008. Effect of zinc-enriched urea on productivity, zinc uptake and efficiency of an aromatic ricewheat cropping system. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 81(3):22943.
Srivastava, P.C., Singh, A.P., Surendra, K., Ramachandran, V., Shrivastava, M. and Dsouza, S.F. 2008. Desorption and transformation of zinc in a mollisol and its uptake by plants in a ricewheat rotation fertilized with either zinc enriched biosludge from molasses or with inorganic zinc. Biology and Fertility of Soils 44:103541.
Takkar, P.N., Singh, M.V. and Ganeshmurthy, A.N. 1997. A critical review of plant nutrient supply needs, efficiency and policy issues for Indian agriculture for the year 2000: Micronutrients and Trace elements. In: Plant Nutrient, Supply Efficiency and Policy Issues: 2000-2025, eds. J.S. Kanwar and
J.C. Katyal, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India. pp 23864.
Singh, Yadvinder, Khind, C.S. and Singh, Bijay. 1991. Efficient management of leguminous green manures in wetland rice. Advances in Agronomy 45:13589.
