Effect of sequential tillage practices and N levels on energy relations and use- efficiencies of irrigation water and N in maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i1.4163Keywords:
Energy, IWUE, Maizewheat cropping system, Nitrogen levels, NUE, Sequential tillageAbstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 at New Delhi to evaluate the effect of four se- quential combinations of conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) practices in conjunction with N levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) on energy relations and use-efficiencies of irrigation water (IWUE) and N (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} cropping system. ZT practices saved on an average 20 and 15 % input energy requirements over CT practices in maize and wheat, respectively. The maximum input energy requirement in maizewheat cropping system was recorded under CTCT tillage se- quence, whereas the minimum was recorded with ZTZT sequential tillage system. The gross and net output en- ergy productions by the maize-wheat cropping system were not influenced significantly due to different sequential tillage practices, however these were recorded maximum under CTZT sequential tillage system. Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11. ZT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTZT and ZTZT) resulted 46 % higher IWUE than CT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTCT and ZTCT). The energy relations, IWUE and NUE parameters of both the crops differed significantly due to various N levels. The input and output energy and IWUE increased significantly with each successive increase in levels of N from 0 to 120 kg N/ha, while reverse trends were observed with energy-use efficiency and NUE, which were decreased significantly from 0 to 180 kg N/ha. Consequently ZT involving sequential tillage practices in conjunction with application of 120 kg N/ha may be adopted to enhance resource-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system.References
Chaudhary, V.P., Gangwar, B. and Pandey, D.K. 2006. Auditing of energy use and output of different cropping systems in India. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 8: 65258.
Filipovic, D., Silvio, K., Zlatko, G.O., Robert, Z. and Djuro, B. 2006. The possibility of fuel saving and reduction of CO2 emission in the soil tillage in Croatia. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environment 115 (14): 29094.
Gupta, M., Bali, A.S., Sharma, S. and Dixit, A.K. 2007. Potential role and influence of zero tillage technology on energy saving in rice (Oryze sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 77(10): 65759.
Ibragimov, N., Evett, S., Esenbekov, Y., Khasanova, F., Karabaev, I., Mirzaev, L. and Lamers, J. 2011. Permanent beds Vs. conventional tillage in irrigated arid Central Asia. Agronomy Journal 103(4): 1002-11.
Jain, N., Jain, V., Mishra, J.S. and. Kewat, M.L. 2007. Effect of tillage packages and herbicides on energy and economics of wheat in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 77(3): 17476.
Jat, M.L., Srivastava, A., Sharma, S.K., Gupta, R.K., Zaidi, P.H., Rai, H.K. and Srinivasan, G. 2005. Evaluation of maize wheat cropping system under double no-till practice in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. In: Proceeding of 9th Asian Regional Maize Workshop, 59 September, 2009, Beijing, China. pp. 2526.
Lopez Bellido, L., Lopez Bellido, R.J. and Lopez Bellido, F.J. 2006. Fertilizer nitrogen-use efficiency in durum wheat under rainfed mediterranian conditions: effect of split application. Agronomy Journal 98: 5562.
Mittal, J.P. and Dhawan, K.C. 1988. Research manual on energy requirements in agricultural sector. ICAR, New Delhi. pp. 2023.
Prasad, R. 2005. Ricewheat cropping systems. Advances in Agronomy 86: 25539.
Ram, H., Kler, D.S., Singh, Y. and Kumar, K. 2010. Productivity of maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system under different tillage and crop establishment practice. Indian Journal of Agronomy 55(3): 18590.
Singh, Y., Gupta, R.K., Singh, G., Singh, J., Sindhu, H.S. and Singh,
B. 2009. Nitrogen and residue management effects on agronomic productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in ricewheat system in Indian Punjab. Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystem
: 14154.
Thuy, N.H., Yuhuna, S., Singh, S., Wang, K., Cai, Z., Singh, Y. and Buresh, R.J. 2008. Nitrogen supply in rice-based cropping systems as affected by crop residue management. Soil Science Society of America Journal 72: 51423.
