Effect of seed rate and weed control methods on yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i1.4158Keywords:
Direct seeded rice, Seed rate, Weed control methods Although, transplanting method of establishment is re- fb fenoxaprop-P-ethly 60 g/ha POE 30 DAS fb ready- ported to be the best for higher productivity of rice, but mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha 35 DAS fb one HW looming water crisis, water-intensive nature of rice culti- 60 DAS (W5) were allotted to sub-plots. Basmati rice vation and escalating labour costs drive the search for al- CSR30 was seeded on 10th June 2011 under dry condi- ternative management methods to increase water produc- tion and in rows 20 cm apart using limit-plot seed drill. tivity and profitability in rice cultivation. Direct seeded The recommended dose of fertilizers applied for rice was rice (DSR) has received much attention because of its low- 60 kg N, 30 kg P O, 30 kg K O and 25 kg ZnSO /ha. The 2 5 2 4 input demand. However, weeds are a major limitation for herbicides were sprayed at scheduled dates uniformly with the success of DSR (Rao et al., 2007 and Singh et al., knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle delivering 500 2007). The present study was undertaken to find out opti- l/ha water volume. mum seed rate and weed control for DSR. Yield attributes Effective tillers/m2 were the least with A field experiment was conducted during the kharif a seed rate of 10 kg/ha and increased significantly when season of 2011 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Ag- the seed rate was increased to 17.5 kg/ha. However, a fur- ricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal. ther increase in tillers/m2 was recorded with a seed rate of The soil of experimental plot was clay loam in texture, 32.5 kg/ha. There was a significant decrease in panicle with pH 8.2 and 0.4% organic carbon (0.40). It was low in length of rice, when the seed rate was increased from 10 Alkaline permanaganate oxidizable available nitrogen or 17.5 kg/ha to 32.5 kg/ha. Number of grains per panicle (115 kg/ha), medium in Olsens available phosphorus (9 and 1, 000-grain weight of rice were not affected by seed kg/ha) and potassium (112 kg/ha). The experiment was rate, but the number of unfilled spikelets increased with an laid out in split plot design with three replications. increase in seed rate and was the most with the seed rate The treatments comprised of four seed rates viz., 10, of 32.5 kg/ha. Similar results have been reported by 17.5, 25 and 32.5 kg/ha which were assigned to main plots Mahajan, (2010). As regards weed control methods, effec- and five weed control methods viz., weedy check (WC), tive tillers, number of grains/spikelet and 1, 000-grain weed free (WF), pendimethalin1.0 kg/ha pre-emergence weight were the highest in the weed free plot, which was (PRE) followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha + at par with treatment W, and significantly superior to 3 ready-mix chlorimuron-ethyl + metsulfuron-methyl 4 g/ha treatments W and W least values were recordedfor 4 5.; post-emergence (POE) at 30 days after sowing (DAS) fb weedy check. Unfilled panicles were the highest in weedy one hand weeding (HW) 60 DAS (W3), pendimethalin 1.0 check, while the weed-free plot had the least unfilled kg/ha PRE fb cyhalofop-butyl 200 g/ha POE 30 DAS fb spikelets (Table 1). ready-mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha 35 DAS fb Grain and straw yield Grain and straw yield was the one HW 60 DAS (W ) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha PRE lowest with the seed rate of 10 kg/ha, significantly lesser 4 than all other higher seed rates. As would be expected, Based on M.Sc. thesis of the first author submitted to CCSHAU, grain and straw yield of rice was the lowest in weedy Hisar, Haryana 1Corresponding author Email [email protected]Abstract
A field experiment consisting of four seed rates and five weed control methods in split plot design was con- ducted in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results revealed that optimum seed rate for DSR was 17.5 kg/ ha and best weed control was achieved with PRE of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha fb POE bispyribac @ 25 g/ha + ready-mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha at 30 DAS fb one HW 60 DAS.References
Indian Journal of Agronomy 58 (1): 125__126 (March 2013)
Research Communication
Effect of seed rate and weed control methods on yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
ZAHOOR AHMAD GANIE1, SAMAR SINGH AND SAMUNDER SINGH
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004
Received : December 2012; Revised accepted : January 2013
A field experiment consisting of four seed rates and five weed control methods in split plot design was conducted in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results revealed that optimum seed rate for DSR was 17.5 kg/ ha and best weed control was achieved with PRE of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha fb POE bispyribac @ 25 g/ha + ready-mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha at 30 DAS fb one HW 60 DAS.
Key words : Direct seeded rice, Seed rate, Weed control methods
Although, transplanting method of establishment is reported to be the best for higher productivity of rice, but looming water crisis, water-intensive nature of rice cultivation and escalating labour costs drive the search for alternative management methods to increase water productivity and profitability in rice cultivation. Direct seeded rice (DSR) has received much attention because of its low-input demand. However, weeds are a major limitation for the success of DSR (Rao et al., 2007 and Singh et al., 2007). The present study was undertaken to find out optimum seed rate and weed control for DSR.
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2011 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal. The soil of experimental plot was clay loam in texture, with pH 8.2 and 0.4% organic carbon (0.40). It was low in Alkaline permanaganate oxidizable available nitrogen (115 kg/ha), medium in Olsens available phosphorus (9 kg/ha) and potassium (112 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications.
The treatments comprised of four seed rates viz., 10, 17.5, 25 and 32.5 kg/ha which were assigned to main plots and five weed control methods viz., weedy check (WC), weed free (WF), pendimethalin1.0 kg/ha pre-emergence (PRE) followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha + ready-mix chlorimuron-ethyl + metsulfuron-methyl 4 g/ha post-emergence (POE) at 30 days after sowing (DAS) fb one hand weeding (HW) 60 DAS (W3), pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha PRE fb cyhalofop-butyl 200 g/ha POE 30 DAS fb ready-mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha 35 DAS fb one HW 60 DAS (W4) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha PRE
Based on M.Sc. thesis of the first author submitted to CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana 1Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
fb fenoxaprop-P-ethly 60 g/ha POE 30 DAS fb readymixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha 35 DAS fb one HW 60 DAS (W5) were allotted to sub-plots. Basmati rice CSR30 was seeded on 10th June 2011 under dry condition and in rows 20 cm apart using limit-plot seed drill. The recommended dose of fertilizers applied for rice was 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O and 25 kg ZnSO4/ha. The herbicides were sprayed at scheduled dates uniformly with knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle delivering 500 l/ha water volume.
Yield attributes: Effective tillers/m2 were the least with a seed rate of 10 kg/ha and increased significantly when the seed rate was increased to 17.5 kg/ha. However, a further increase in tillers/m2 was recorded with a seed rate of
5 kg/ha. There was a significant decrease in panicle length of rice, when the seed rate was increased from 10 or 17.5 kg/ha to 32.5 kg/ha. Number of grains per panicle and 1,000-grain weight of rice were not affected by seed rate, but the number of unfilled spikelets increased with an increase in seed rate and was the most with the seed rate of 32.5 kg/ha. Similar results have been reported by Mahajan, (2010). As regards weed control methods, effective tillers, number of grains/spikelet and 1,000-grain weight were the highest in the weed free plot, which was at par with treatment W3, and significantly superior to treatments W and Wleast values were recordedfor
weedy check. Unfilled panicles were the highest in weedy check, while the weed-free plot had the least unfilled spikelets (Table 1).
Grain and straw yield: Grain and straw yield was the lowest with the seed rate of 10 kg/ha, significantly lesser than all other higher seed rates. As would be expected, grain and straw yield of rice was the lowest in weedy
GANIE ET AL. [Vol. 58, No. 1
Table 1. Effect of treatments on the effective tillers, yield attributing characters, weed control efficiency (WCE) and Seed and Straw yield of the crop.
Treatment Effective Panicle No. of Unfilled 1,000-grain WCE Grain Straw
Tillers/m2 length (cm) grains/panicle spikelets/ weight yield yield
panicle (g) (t/ha) (t/ha)
Seed rate (kg/ha)
164.4 20.8 59.1 4.9 23.3 66.5 1.57 2.53
5 189.1 20.6 56.9 6.6 23.2 66.3 2.14 3.48
195.7 20.3 57.9 7.5 22.9 65.8 2.24 3.62
5 209.7 19.9 54.3 8.6 23.2 66.2 2.27 3.91
SEm 6.0 0.2 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.045 0.06
CD (P=0.05) 21.5 0.5 NS 0.6 NS NS 0.16 0.22
Weed control
WC 10.7 13.3 30.7 8.1 20.1 0 0.28 0.45
WF 245.9 23.5 68.9 5.6 24.9 100.0 2.73 4.43
W3 239.6 22.4 65.7 6.9 24.3 81.9 2.63 4.41
W4 233.1 21.9 62.4 6.8 23.7 75.6 2.48 4.05
W5 219.3 20.9 57.3 7.0 22.6 73.4 2.16 3.59
SEm 6.5 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.08
CD (P=0.05) 19.0 0.7 4.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.14 0.24
check plots. Among the weed control treatments weed free and W3 were at par and significantly superior to W4, which in turn was superior to W5 (Table 1).
Weed control efficiency (WCE): Among the various herbicide treatments, the highest WCE was recorded with W3, significantly superior to other two herbicide treatments (Table 1). This is in conformity with results of Mahajan and Timsina (2011).
Mahajan, G. and Timsina, J. 2011. Effect of nitrogen rates and weed
control methods on weeds abundance and yield of direct-
seeded rice. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 57:
Mahajan, G., Gill, M.S. and Singh, K. 2010. Optimizing seed rate to suppress weeds and to increase yield in aerobic direct seeded rice in North-western Indo Gangetic Plains. Journal of New Seeds 11: 22538.
Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Shivprasad, B, Ladha J.K. and Mortimer
A.M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy 93: 15355.
Singh, S., Bhushan, L., Ladha, J.K., Gupta, R.K., Rao A.N. and Shivprasad, B. 2007. Evaluation of mulching, Inter-cropping with Sesbania and herbicide use for weed management in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Protection 26: 518
