Effect of integrated nutrient management techniques on yield attributes and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v45i2.3392Keywords:
Sunflower, lntegrated nutrient management, Enriched FYM, BiofertilizersAbstract
An experiment was conducted during 1995-97 to develop integrated nutrient management package for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), with.2 types of organic sources, viz. farmyard manure (FYM) and P-enriched FYM, inorganic nutrients and biofertilizers. lntegrated application of either FYM or P-enriched FYM combined with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria and borax spray in addition to recommended NPK alone gave the highest yield. On-farm experiment showed that integrated application gave 29% higher yield than recommended NPK. lntergrated nutrition using P-enriched FYM was found to be effective, considering the benefit : cost ratio. Highest benefit : cost ratio was obtained with integrated application of P-enriched FYM, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers compared to application of NPK alone.References
Effect of integrated nutrient management techniques on
yield attributes and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) A. JEYABAL, SP. PALANIAPPAN AND S. CHELLIAH *
Nagarjuna Agricultural Reseanch and Development Institute, Vikrampuri,
Secunderabdd, Andhra Pradesh 500 009 Received: August 1999
An experiment was conducted during 1995-97 to develop integrated nutrient
management package for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), with.2 types of
organic sources, viz. farmyard manure (FYM) and P-enriched FYM, inorganic
nutrients and biofertilizers. lntegrated application of either FYM or P-enriched
FYM combined with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria and borax spray in
addition to recommended NPK alone gave the highest yield. On-farm
experiment showed that integrated application gave 29% higher yield than
recommended NPK. lntergrated nutrition using P-enriched FYM was found to be
effective, considering the benefit : cost ratio. Highest benefit :cost ratio was
obtained with integrated application of P-enriched FYM, inorganic fertilizers and
biofertilizers compared to application of NPK alone. Key words: Sunflower, lntegrated nutrient management, Enriched FYM,
Biofertilizers India, having the largest cultivated area under oilseeds in the world, has been chronically deficient in caput supplies of fat and oils: One of the critical factors for low productivity of sunflower is injudicious use of plant nutrients. Thiscalls for balanced use of fertilizers an.d adoption . of approprate agronomic practices. In view of the escalating prices and high demand- supply gap of chemical fertilizers, there is a strong need to adopt integrated nutrient supply system by judicious comation of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers to improve soil health and sunflower productivity. In this context, integrated nutrient management (INM) holds great promise in meetingthe growing nutrient demands of intensive agriculture and maintaining the crop productivity at a fairly high level. Hence the present investigation was taken up to develop an INM package for sunflower.
MATERIALSA)?DMEMODS
A field study was conducted during 1995-97 at Nagarjuna cultural
June 20001 INM IN SUNFLOWER
Research and Development Institute (NARDI), Hyderabad, to evaluate the integrated effect of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers in sunflower. The soils of the experimental fields were sandy loam, low in available N (166 to 185 kglha) and medium in available P (10 to 12 Ggka and K (207 to 221 kg/ha. The available zinc status of experimental sails was high (1.60 to 1.80 ppm). Trials in 1995 and 1996 were conducted adopting randomized block design with 4 replications. Based on the results, an on-farm trial was conducted ia 1997 to demonstrate the INM package to the farmers.
In the first experiment, 8 treatments comprising soil application of FYMJP- enriched FYM with and without biofertilizers and zinc sulphate and borax were used. In the second trial, treatment schedule was slightly modified (Table 1). Based on the results of the first and second year trials, an on-farm trial was conducted with the best 2 treatments in comparison to recommended NPK alone.
The P-enriched FYM was prepared by incubating 750 kg FYM with the recommended level of phosphoruslha (through single superphosphate) for 1 month. As per the treatnient schedule, FYM@ 10'tonnedha and P-enriched FYM @ 750 kgka were applied basal, just before the sowing and thoroughly incorporated into the soil. Both the FYM and P-enriched FYM were analysed for their nutrient contents. The P-enriched FYM contained 1.39, 6.24 and 0.67% N, P20, and K20 respectively, whereas FYM contained 1.38% N, 0.62% P205 and 0.68% qO. As per the treatment schedule, zinc sulphate at 25 kgka was applied basally and borax at 0.2% was sprayed twice at weekly interval from seed floret stage.
Recommended level. of NPK adopted was 80 kg N, 50 kg P205 and 30 kg qO1 ha. Fertilizer N and K were appli'ed in 3 equal splits at basal, 25 and 55 days after sowing through urea and muriate of potash respectively. Entire P was applied basal either through single superphosphate or P- enriched FYM. Biofertilizers, viz. Azospirillum and phosphobacteria, each at 2 kglha were applied at sowing as per the treatment schedule. Yield attributes such as head weight, head diameter and number of total and filled seedshead were recorded from 10 random plantslplot. Grain yield was recorded after drying the seeds to 14% moisture. .
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Yield attributes
Soil application of either FYM or P- enriched FYM integrated with recommended NPK, Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and borax spray increased the head weight and diameter over other treatments. Application of FYM and P- enriched FYM showed similar effect on weight and diameter. Inclusion of zinc sulphate in the integrated nutrition did not increase the weight, head diameter and number of filled and total seeds, since the soil DTPA-extractable zinc status was high
(1.60 to 1.80 ppm).
Application of FYM or P-enriched FYM produced larger heads than application of recommended NPK alone. Irrespective of FYM or P-enriched FYM, addition of
Table 1.Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of sunflower
Treatment Head Head , weight (cm) diameter (cm) Total grainshead Filled grainshead Seed yield (tonnislha) Benefit :cost ratio
RecommendedNPK (con.tro1)
FYM@ 10 tonnesha EYM+Awspirillum +
phosphobacteria FYM+Azospirillum + . phosphobacteria+0.2% borax
sprayEYM+Awspirillum + phosphobacteria+ 0.2% borax spray + ZnSO, P-enriched FYM@ 750 kglha P-enriched FYM+Azospirillum +
phosphobacteria P-enriched FYM +Azospirillum +
phosphobacteria+ 0.2% borax P-enriched FYh4 +Azospirillum + phosphobacteria+0.2% borax spray + ZnSO, CD (P = 0.05)
*On-farmtrial
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