Performance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties for productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake under different sowing dates and nitrogen levels

PAPPU KHATIK; L.R. YADAV; A.K. GUPTA; O.P. PRAJAPAT; H.P. VERMA

doi:10.59797/ija.v66i2.2852

Authors

PAPPU KHATIK
L.R. YADAV
A.K. GUPTA
O.P. PRAJAPAT
H.P. VERMA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v66i2.2852

Keywords:

Nitrogen levels, Net returns, Nutrient uptake, Sowing dates, Wheat varieties, Yield

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201516 and 201617 at Jobner, Rajastha, to evaluate the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties for productivity, profitability and nutrient up- take under different sowing dates and nitrogen levels. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with 3 replications. The experiment consisted of 2 sowing dates (20 November and 10 December), 3 varieties Raj 4083, Raj 3777 and Raj 4037 in main plots and 4 levels of nitrogen (control, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) in subplots. Sowing of crop on 20 November resulted in significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake, net returns and benefit: cost (B : C) ratio of wheat than 10 December-sown crop. A reduction of 16.4% in grain yield and 19.7% in straw yield was recorded under 10 December-sown crop as compared to 20 November. Among the vari- eties, Raj 4037 was showed significantly highest total number of tillers/m row length, dry-matter accumulation/m row length, leaf-area index (LAI), crop-growth rate (CGR), test weight, grain yield, straw yield and N, P, K uptake by grain and straw than Raj 4083 and Raj 3777. Variety Raj 4037 also gave significantly highest net returns (`72.9 103/ha) and B : C ratio (3.71) than Raj 4083 and Raj 3777. The progressive increase in nitrogen levels up to 120 kg/ha significantly increased the growth, yield attributes and N, P, K uptake by bread wheat and simulta- neously higher grain yield by 60.2 and 17.1% and straw yield by 37.8 and 15.1% over the control and 40 kg N/ha respectively. Application of 120 kg N/ha resulted in significantly maximum net returns (`75.6 103/ha) and B : C ratio (3.75) but statistically at par with 80 kg N/ha.

References

"./Sarthak/Originals/red done20212021_2_6__exp_adb.txt _CLEANEDAmrawat, T., Solanki, N.S., Sharma, S.K. and Sumeriya, H.K. 2014. Analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different sowing dates and nitrogen levels. Annals of Biology 30(2): 253256.

Balwan, Yadav, L.R., Verma, H.P., Kumar, R. and Kumar, S. 2017. Effect of antitranspirants and fertility levels on growth, yield, nutrient concentration and uptake in wheat varieties. Annals of Agricultural Research, New Series 38(1): 2630.

Chaturvedi, Indira. 2006. Effect of different nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(2): 372374.

Dar, E.A., Brar, A.S., Poonia, T. and Bhat, M.A. 2019. Influence of sowing dates and irrigation schedules on growth and yield of drip-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) under semi-arid conditions of Punjab. Indian Journal of Agronomy 64(2): 218225.

Dhaka, A.K., Bangarwa, A.S., Pannu, R.K., Malik, R.K., and Garg,

R. 2006. Phenological development, yield and yield attributes of different wheat genotypes as influenced by sowing time and irrigation levels. Agricultural Science Digest 26(3): 174177.

GoI, 2018. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture. http//dacnet.nic.in.

Gupta, A., Yadav, S.S., Yadav, L.R., Kanwar, S., Yadav, N., Lakhran,

H. and Chaudhary, M. 2019. Productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by weed and nitrogen management under semi-arid conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 64(3): 354359.

Gupta, M., Balis, A., Sharma, B.C., Kachroo, D. and Bharat, R. 2007. Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of wheat under various tillage and fertilizer management practices. Indian Journal of Agronomy 52(2): 127130.

Jat, L.N., and Singh, S.M. 2004. Growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different planting pattern or cropping system and varieties. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49(2): 111112.

Jat, S.L., Nepalia, V. Choudhary, J. and Singh, D. 2014. Effect of nitrogen and weed management on productivity and quality of durum wheat (Triticum durum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 59(2): 281285.

Khichar, M.L. and Niwas, R. 2007. Thermal effect on growth and yield of wheat under different sowing environments and planting systems. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 41 (2): 92 96.

Mattas, K.K., Uppal, R.S. and Singh, R.P. 2011. Effect of varieties and nitrogen management on the growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of durum wheat. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(2): 376380.

Mishra, V., Misra, R.D., Singh, M. and Verma, R.S. 2003. Dry-matter accumulation at pre- and post-anthesis and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by temperature stress and variety. Indian Journal of Agronomy 48(4): 277281.

Mukherjee, D. 2012. Effect of different sowing dates on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars under mid hill situation of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(2): 152156.

Musaddique, M., Hussain, A., Wajid, S.A. and Ahmad, A. 2000. Growth, yield and components of yield of different genotypes of wheat. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 3(2): 242244.

Pandey, I.B., Pandey, R.K., Dwivedi, D.K. and Singh, R.S. 2010. Phenology, heat unit requirement and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties under different crop growing envi

ronment. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80(2): 13640.

Pathak, H., Aggarwal, P.K., Roetter, R., Kalra, N., Bandyopdhaya, S.K., Prasad, S. and Vankeulen, H. 2003. Modeling the quantitative evaluation of soil nutrient supply, nutrient use efficiency and fertilizer requirements of wheat in India. Nutrient Cycling in Agriecosystem 65(2): 105113.

Shahzad, M.A., Wasi-ud-Din, Sahi, S.T., Khan, M.M., Ehsanullah and Ahmad, M. 2007. Effect of sowing dates and seed treatment on grain yield and quality of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 44(4): 581583.

Shirpurkar, G.N., Wagh, M.P. and Patil, D.T. 2008. Comparative performance of wheat genotypes under different sowing dates. Agricultural Science Digest 28(3): 231232.

Singh, P., Singh, P., Singh, K.N., Singh, R., Aga, F.A., Bahar, F. and Raja, W. 2010. Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes for productivity and economics under graded levels of nitrogen in temperate Kashmir. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80(5): 380384.

Yadav, L.R. 2005. Effect of bioregulators on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol) varieties under normal and late sown conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner.