Productivity, resource use efficiency and economics of rice (Oryza sativa)-based bio-intensive cropping systems in western Odisha

A.K. PATRA; L.M. GARNAYAK; B.B. BEHERA; D. SWAIN; R.K. PAIKARAY

doi:10.59797/ija.v66i2.2851

Authors

A.K. PATRA
L.M. GARNAYAK
B.B. BEHERA
D. SWAIN
R.K. PAIKARAY

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v66i2.2851

Keywords:

Crop diversification, Economics, Energy-use efficiency, Production efficiency, Rice-based bio-intensive cropping system, System productivity

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Chiplima, Odisha, under irrigated medium-land condition during 201314 to 201617, to evaluate the production potential and economics of 10 rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based bio-intensive cropping systems. Ricepotato (Solanum tubersum L.) + radish [Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin]pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) + amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), ricemaize (Zea mays L.) + coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) + amaranth and ricemaize + radishokra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) + amaranth cropping systems recorded significantly higher average rice-equivalent yields (REY) (22.72, 20.73 and 19.65 t/ha respectively) than the other rice-based cropping systems, the increase being 143, 122 and 110% over the existing ricegroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) system. Ricetomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) + amaranthwatermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] + amaranth system had the highest land- use efficiency (97%). Ricepotato + radishpumpkin + amaranth revealed the highest irrigation water-use effi- ciency of 239 kg REY/ha-cm. The highest apparent nutrient-use productivity was realized with the ricemaize + co- riandercowpea + amaranth (46.6 kg REY/kg NPK applied). This system also recorded the highest energy-use ef- ficiency (5.04) and energy productivity (0.41 kg REY/MJ). Ricetomato + fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)cowpea + amaranth (635 man-days) and ricemaize + radishokra + amaranth (625 man-days) created higher employment opportunity. Ricemaize + coriandercowpea + amaranth recorded the highest net returns (`136,544) followed by ricemaize + radishokra + amaranth (`116,803) and ricepotato + radishpumpkin + amaranth (`111,890). These 3 cropping systems also recorded the highest system profitability and crop profitability with higher benefit: cost ratio.

References

Bastia, D.K., Garnayak, L.M. and Barik, T. 2008. Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems for higher productivity, resource-use efficiency and economics. Indian Journal of Agronomy 53(1): 2226.

Devasenapathy, P., Senthil Kumar, G. and Shanmugam, P.M. 2009. Energy management in crop production. Indian Journal of Agronomy 54(1): 8089.

Gangwar, B., Katyal, V. and Anand, K.V. 2003. Efficient cropping systems for coastal areas in India. Journal of Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research 21(1): 2130.

Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

Kachroo, D., Thakur, N.P., Kour, M., Kumar, P., Sharma, R. and Khajuria, V. 2014. Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)based cropping system for enhancing productivity and employment. Indian Journal of Agronomy 59(1): 2125.

Patra, A.K., Mishra, K.N., Garnayak, L.M. and Halder, J. 2017. Productivity and energy-efficiency indices for diversified rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems in West Central Table Land Zone of Odisha. Indian Journal of Agronomy 62(4): 387393.

Ray, M., Roy, D.C. and Zaman, A. 2016. Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems for increasing productivity, resource-use efficiency and energy productivity in coastal West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agronomy 61(2): 131137.

Singh, S., and Mittal, J.P. 1992. Energy in Production Agriculture, pp. 143. Mittal Publications, New Delhi.

Thakur, N.P., Kachroo, D., Kumar, J., Kour, M. and Kumar, P. 2009. Diversification of ricewheat cropping system for enhancing resource use-efficiency and profitability under subhumid Indo-Gangetic plains of Jammu region. Oryza 46(2): 108

Urkurkar, J.S., Chitale, S., Tiwari, A., Savu, R.M. and Tomar, H.S. 2008. Identification of promising rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system for increasing productivity and sustainability for Chhattisgarh plains. Journal of Farming System Research and Development 14(1): 5055.