Tillage and nutrient-management effects on productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in foothills region of Uttarakhand

AMRENDRA KUMAR; MAHENDRA SINGH PAL

doi:10.59797/ija.v66i1.2833

Authors

AMRENDRA KUMAR
MAHENDRA SINGH PAL

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v66i1.2833

Keywords:

Effective tillers, Growth analysis, Harvest index, Partial factor productivity, Tillage

Abstract

A study was carried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, representing the foothills (Tarai) region of Uttarakhand, India, to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management on growth productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental site was silty clay loam having soil pH 7.21, organic carbon 0.68% and 242.42, 22.56 and 240.32 kg/ ha available N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. The results indicated that the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content but subsoiling (SS) gave higher leaf-area index (LAI) followed by minimum tillage (MT) and PRBS. Similarly, significantly higher crop-growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded under PRBS and FIRBS but leaf-area rtio (LAR) was higher under SS followed by conven tional tillage (CT). The yield attributes like effective tillers and grains/ear were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS. These resulted in ~9.5 and 16% higher grain yield of wheat than CT and MT respectively. The harvest in dex (HI), partial factor productivity (PFP) and nutrient harvest index (NHI) were significantly higher under FIRBS and PRBS tillage systems. Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear. The grain yield of wheat was 11.7 and 48.6% higher than SSNM and 50% RDF respectively. The HI, PFP and NHI were found significantly higher at 50% RDF followed by site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). Thus, wheat planted either on PRBS or FIRBS with application of recommended dose of fertilizers 150 kg N+26.4 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha may be used for higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency of wheat in tarai region of Uttrakhand and also be replicated in similar agro-ecology of India

References

AICWBIP. 2019. Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheatand Barley Improvement Project 201819: Directors Report. Singh, G.P. (Ed.). ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India, 72 pp.

Bhan, S. and Bahera, U.K. 2014. Conservation agriculture in India

Problems, prospects and policy issues. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2: 112.

Borse, D.K., Usadadia, V.P. and Thorave, D.S. 2019. Nutrient management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under partially reclaimed coastal salt affected soil of south Gujarat. International Journal on Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(5): 1,5901,599.

Bhatt, P. 2015. Studies on precision nutrient management under different tillage practices in wheat. M.Sc. (Agronomy) Thesis, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 120 p.

Chaplain, V., Defossez, P., Richrad, G, Tessier, D. and Roger-Estrade, J. 2011. Contrasted effects of no-till on bulk density of sol and mechanical resistance. Soil and Tillage Research

: 105114. Chhokar R.S., Sharma, R.K., Jat, G.R., Pundir, A.K. and Gathala,

M.K. 2007. Effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and Productivity of Wheat under ricewheat growing system. Crop Protection 26: 1,6891,696.

Fan, M., Jiang, R.X., Liu, Zhang, Lu, F., Zeng, S.X. and Christie, P. 2005. Interactions between non-flooded mulching cultivation and varying nitrogen inputs in ricewheat rotations. Field Crops Research 91: 307318.

Gangwar, K.S., Singh, K.K., Sharma, S.K. and Tomar, O.K. 2006. Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Soil and Tillage Research 88: 242252.

Hobbs, P.R., Singh Y., G.S., Giri, J.G.L and Dusbury, J.M. 2000. Direct seeding and reduced tillage options in the ricewheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia. Paper presented at International Rice Research Institute, Workshop, Bankok, Thiland, 2528 January 2000.

Honalli, S. N and Chittarur, B.M. 2013. Productivity of wheat as influenced by leaf color chart nutrient management. Karnataka Agricultural Sciences 24: 554558.

Hossain. 2006. Effect of planting method and nitrogen on yield and yield attributes of wheat. Journal of Biological Sciences 14: 127130.

Kumar, V., Yashpal, S., Saharawat, M., Gathala, K., Jat, A.S., Singh, S.K., Chaudhary, N. and Jat, M. L. 2013. Effect of different tillage and seeding methods on energy use efficiency and productivity of wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Research 142: 18.

Limon, O.A.L., Sayree, K.D. and Francis, C.S. 2000. Wheat nitrogen use efficiency in a bed planting system in north west Mexico. Agronomy Journal 92: 303308.

Majeed, A., Muhmood, A., Niaz, A., Javid, S., Ahmad, Z.A., Shah,

S.S.H. and Shah A.H. 2015. Bed planting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improves nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield compared to flat planting. The Crop Journal 3: 118124.

Majumdar, K., Jat, M.L., Pampolino, M., Kumar, A., Shahi, V., Gupta, N., Singh, V., Satyanarayana, T., Dwivedi, B.S., Singh, V.K., Kumar, D., Kamboj, B.R., Sidhu, H.S., Meena,

M.C. and Johnston, A. 2012. Economics of potassium fertilizer application in rice, wheat and maize grown in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Indian Journal of Fertiliser 8(5): 4453.

Majumdar, K, Jat, M.L., Pampolino, M., Satyanarayana, T., Dutta, S and Kumar, A. 2019. Nutrient management in wheat: current scenario, improved strategies and future research needs in India. Journal of Wheat Research 4: 110.

Ram, Hari. 2020. Mulching, farmyard manure and exogenous application of osmo-protectants confer terminal heat tolerance in wheat (Tritcum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 65(3): 271277.

Ram, H., Gupta, N., Mavi, G.S., Sarlach, R.S. and Singh, G. 2017. Phenology, photo-thermal units requirement and productivityof wheat varieties as influenced by sowing dates under irrigated conditions in Punjab. Journal of Crop and

Weed 13: 7377. Shakeel, A., Anjum, E., Umair, A., Mohasin T., Rafi Q. and Imran.

K. 2014. Morphplogical and phonological attributes of maize affected by different tillage practices and varied sowing methods. American Journal of Plant Sciences 5: 1,657 1,664.

Singh, B. and Malhi, S.S. 2006. Response of soil physical properties to tillage and residue management on two soils in a temperate environment. Soil and Tillage Research 85: 143153.

Singh, Y.V., Dhar, D.W. and Agarwal, B. 2011. Influence of organic nutrient management on basmati rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum)greengram (Vigna radiata) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 56: 169175.

Song, W.F., Zhao, L.J., Zhang, X.M., Zhang, Y.M., Li, J.L., Zhang, L.L., Song, Q.J., Zhao, H.B., Zhang, Y.B., Zhang, C.L., Xin,W.L., Sun, L.F. and Xiao, Z.M. 2015. Effect of timing of heatstress during grain filling in two wheat varieties under mod-erate and very high temperature. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 75: 121124.

Usman, Khalid, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Niamatullah, Khan, M.N, Ghulam, Said, Khan, Sarfaraz and Baloch, Jalaluddin. 2013. Effect of tillage and nitrogen on wheat production, economics, and soil fertility in ricewheat Cropping System. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 1725.